MKS What is it How is it spread

9. What are the effects of FMD? 10. Can FMD be cured? 11. How

1. What is it? Ø Highly infectious viral disease – chiefly in the mouth

Ø Disease is also spread mechanically by movement of animals, persons, vehicles and other

4. Which animals are susceptible? Ø Cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, some wild such as

-sheep and goats: fever, lameness, stiff legged walk, off colour, tendency to lie down.

7. How is the virus destroyed? Ø By heat, low humidity or certain disinfectants,

9. Can FMD be cured? Ø No cure !!! 10. How is the disease

12. What happens if disease is confirmed? Ø An infected area extends to a

14. How are carcasses disposed of? Ø By burning, burying or rendering, depending on

ØName: BSE „bovine spongiforme encephalitis“ Ø Symptoms: - Increasing sensitivity to light, noise and

ØProblems: People don´t mant to buy cow meat anymore Farm incomes have fallen by

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MKS • What is it? • How is it spread? • Can people contract the disease? • Which animals are susceptible? • What are the symptoms? • What kinds of virus are there? • How is the virus destroyed?

9. What are the effects of FMD? 10. Can FMD be cured? 11. How is the disease controlled? 12. What happens when a suspect animal is found? 13. What happens if disease is confirmed? 14. How are carcasses disposed of? 15. What measures are taken to prevent the further spread of disease?

1. What is it? Ø Highly infectious viral disease – chiefly in the mouth or on the feet. Ø 7 main types of virus, produces similar symptoms and can only be differentiated in the laboratory. 2. How is it spread? Ø Can be spread by direct or indirect contact with infected animals. Ø Airborne spread of the disease takes place readily.

Ø Disease is also spread mechanically by movement of animals, persons, vehicles and other things, which have been contaminated by the virus. ØMeat from carcasse of infected animals at the time of slaughter can transmit the virus. 3. Can people contract the disease? Ø Only one recorded case of FMD in a human being in GB in 1966. Ø General effects: like influenza with some blisters.

4. Which animals are susceptible? Ø Cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, some wild such as hedgehogs, coypu, rats, deer, zoo animals including elephants. 5. What are the symptoms? Ø Blisters in the mouth or on the feet. Ø Others: -cattle: fever, dullness, off feed, shivering, reduced milk yield and sore teats in milking stock, slavering, tenderness of feet or lameness.

-sheep and goats: fever, lameness, stiff legged walk, off colour, tendency to lie down. -pigs: fever, lameness, dullness, off feed 6. What kinds of virus are there? Ø There are 7 main types and within each type there are many sub-types. Ø The average incubation period is 3 -8 days but it can be shorter or may extend to 14 days or longer. Ø When animals recover from infection by one type of virus they have no protection against attacks by any one of the others.

7. How is the virus destroyed? Ø By heat, low humidity or certain disinfectants, but it can remain active for a long time although the caracasses of an infected animal is frozen or chilled. 8. What are the effects of FMD? Ø rarely fatal, except in case of very young animals may die without showing any symptoms Ø Lose condition and secondary bacterial infections may prolong convalescence. Ø Loss of milk yield, abortion , sterility, chronic mastitis and chronic lameness.

9. Can FMD be cured? Ø No cure !!! 10. How is the disease controlled? Ø policy of slaughter of infected animals and those, exposed to infection. Ø movement restrictions 11. What happens when a suspect animal is found? Ø Ministry Veterinary Officer will sign a notice which prohibits movement of animals within a radius of 8 km and it will be send to the Institute of Animal Health for testing.

12. What happens if disease is confirmed? Ø An infected area extends to a minimum of 10 km around the infected place, although the prevailing weather conditions are likely to spread the disease further. Ø After approving footwear, clothing and vehicles have to be disinfected before entering or leaving the premises. Ø As soon as possible: SLAUGHTERING!!! 13. What are dangerous contacts? Ø Animals , exposed directly or indirectly to the risk of infection

14. How are carcasses disposed of? Ø By burning, burying or rendering, depending on local conditions. 15. What measures are taken to prevent the further spread of disease? Ø Entering or leaving of the infected place is forbidden. Ø Owner or occupier has to: 1. Disinfect any slurry or shed 2. Maintain a suitable disinfectant footbath 3. Destroy any rats 4. Prevent animals from straying and confine any animal

ØName: BSE „bovine spongiforme encephalitis“ Ø Symptoms: - Increasing sensitivity to light, noise and touch. - later loss of motion, body contol Ø Concerned animals: COW Ø Origin: desposition of proteins in the brain Ø Translation: animal feeding

ØProblems: People don´t mant to buy cow meat anymore Farm incomes have fallen by 60% in the last 5 years, as a result of the effects of BSE ( exchange rates, global competition )