Mixtures Key Terms Mixture Solvent Suspension Dilute Colloid

Mixtures

Key Terms Mixture Solvent Suspension Dilute Colloid Concentrated Emulsion Condensation Solution Evaporation Solute

Pure Substances �Only one type of substance/particle is present.

Pure Substances

Mixtures

Mixtures �More than one type of substance is present.

Types of Mixture

Types of Mixture �Suspension �Cloudy �Large particles mixed in solvent �Particles will settle if left alone �Separate through filtration

Types of Mixture

Types of Mixture �Colloid �Cloudy �Particles are smaller than suspensions �Particles do not settle if left alone �Separate by flocculation

Types of Mixture

Types of Mixture �Solution �Clear (sometimes coloured) �Very small particles �Particles don’t settle if left �Separate by distillation or evaporation

Types of Mixture Water loving head Water Oil loving tail

Types of Mixture �Emulsion �Eg. Moisturisers, milk, ice cream �Fats and oils do not mix with water �Need a substance called an emulsifier Water loving head Water Oil loving tail

Separation Techniques �Sedimentation & Flotation �Decanting �Centrifuging �Magnetic separation �Filtering �Evaporation & Crystallisation �Distillation �Chromatography

Evaporation & Crystallisation

Evaporation & Crystallisation �Separates solutions by evaporating solvent leaving behind solid. Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia, the world’s largest salt flat.

Filtering

Filtering �Separates by particle size �Large particles get caught in the paper while smaller ones pass through. �Some substances may need to go through a process of flocculation or treatment with activated charcoal before they can be filtered.

Separation Techniques

Separation Techniques �Chromatography �Particles are separated by their level of attraction to either the solvent or the paper.

Sedimentation & Flotation

Sedimentation & Flotation �Separation of suspensions by density �Lighter substances float, heavier substances sink

Separation Techniques Oil Water

Separation Techniques �Decanting �Solids or dense liquids allowed to settle. �Top layer poured off or bottom layer released through a tap. Oil Water

Centrifuging

Centrifuging �Particles are spun at very high speeds. �Separates particles by weight.

Distillation

Distillation �Separates liquids by boiling point �Liquids evaporate, then recondense in a condensing tube.

Image Credits � ‘Cup of Tea’ by newkemall available at http: //www. freeimages. com/photo/1437150, courtesy of Free. Images. com � ‘Chocolate Brownie’ by subhadipin available at http: //www. freeimages. com/photo/1437370, courtesy of Free. Images. com � ‘Storm Over the Sea’ by Ma. Rabelo available at http: //www. freeimages. com/photo/1445783, courtesy of Free. Images. com � ‘Flour Suspended in Water’ by Chris 73 available at http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Water. And. Flour. Suspension. Liquid. jpg, via Wikimedia Commons. � ‘Chemical Precipitation Diagram’ By Vectorized by Zoo. Fari; raster by Zab. Milenko (Own work) available at http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Chemical_precipitation_diagram. svg, via Wikimedia Commons � ‘Colloidal Stability’ by Sun. Kart at en. wikipedia available at http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Colloidal. Stability. png, via Wikimedia Commons

Image Credits � ‘Salt and Sugar Solutions’ by Kelly Lancaster et al available at https: //phet. colorado. edu/en/simulation/sugar-and-salt-solutions, courtesy of Ph. ET Interactive simulations at the University of Colorado � ‘Simple Emulsion’ By Adam Rędzikowski (Own work) available at http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Simple_emulsion. svg, via Wikimedia Commons � ‘Piles of Salt Salar de Uyuni Bolivia Luca Galuzza 2006 a bloom’, By Edit by Wj 32, available at http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/8/8 b/Piles_of_Salt_Salar_de_Uyuni_ Bolivia_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_a_bloom. jpg, via Wikimedia Commons � ‘Filter Diagram’ by Wikiwayman available at http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Filter. Diagram. svg#filelinks, via Wikimedia Commons

Image Credits � ‘Filter Funnel Apparatus’ By Smokefoot (Own work) available at http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Filter. Funnel. Apparatus. png, via Wikimedia Commons � ‘Bundesarchiv Bild 183 -1984 -1002 -002, Güstrow, Zuckerwerk, Klärwerk’ by Bundesarchiv, Bild 183 -1984 -1002 -002 / CC-BY-SA [CC BY-SA 3. 0 de available at http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183 -19841002 -002%2 C_G%C 3%BCstrow%2 C_Zuckerwerk%2 C_Kl%C 3%A 4 rwerk. jpg via Wikimedia Commons � ‘Separatory funnel-tag’ By Shakki (Own work) available at http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/8/8 b/Separatory_funnel-tag. svg, via Wikimedia Commons

Image Credits � ‘Tabletop Centrifuge’ By Magnus Manske (Own work) available at http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/0/0 d/Tabletop_centrifuge. jpg, via Wikimedia Commons � ‘Krew Frakcjonowana’ By Zuzanna K. Filutowska (Own work) available at http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/5/5 a/Krew_Frakcjonowana. jpg, via Wikimedia Commons � ‘Simple Distillation Apparatus’ By Original PNG by User: Quantockgoblin, SVG adaptation by User: Slashme available at http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/9/9 c/Simple_distillation_apparatus. s vg, via Wikimedia Commons