Mixtures and Solutions Mixtures and Solutions A mixture

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Mixtures and Solutions

Mixtures and Solutions

Mixtures and Solutions • A mixture is a combination of two or more components

Mixtures and Solutions • A mixture is a combination of two or more components that are NOT chemically combined, and retain their identities. n. Mixtures can be physically separated. The identities of the substances DO NOT change. n. A homogeneous mixture is also called a solution.

Mixtures • When a mixture’s components are easily recognizable, such as pizza, it is

Mixtures • When a mixture’s components are easily recognizable, such as pizza, it is called a heterogeneous mixture. • In a homogeneous mixture such as chocolate milk, the component particles cannot be distinguished, even though they still retain their original properties.

Mixtures • Common Techniques for Separating Mixtures Distillation – separates a mixture based on

Mixtures • Common Techniques for Separating Mixtures Distillation – separates a mixture based on boiling points of the component. Examples : saltwater crude oil into gasoline and kerosene Magnet – separates iron from other objects. Centrifuge – spins and separates according to densities.

Solutions • A mixture that appears to be a single substance but is composed

Solutions • A mixture that appears to be a single substance but is composed of particles of two or more substances that are distributed evenly amongst each other. n. A solution may be liquid, gaseous, or solid. Examples of solutions Liquid - seawater Gas - air Solid - alloys

Solutions • Dissolving – The process in which particles of substances separate and spread

Solutions • Dissolving – The process in which particles of substances separate and spread evenly amongst each other. • Solute – substance that is dissolved. A solute is soluble, or able to dissolve. • A substance that is insoluble is unable to dissolve, forms a mixture that is not homogeneous, and therefore NOT a solution. • Solvent – substance in which solute is dissolved.

Solubility • The solubility of a solute is the amount of solute needed to

Solubility • The solubility of a solute is the amount of solute needed to make a saturated solution using a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature. • Solubility is usually expressed in grams of solute per 100 ml of solvent (g/100 ml) • Three (3) methods that affect solubility – Mixing, stirring, or shaking – Heating – Crushing or grinding

Suspension • A mixture in which particles of a material are dispersed throughout a

Suspension • A mixture in which particles of a material are dispersed throughout a liquid or gas but are large enough that they settle out. – Particles are insoluble, so they DO NOT dissolve in the liquid or gas. – Particles can be separated using a filter. • Examples: • Salad dressing • Medicines that say “shake well before use”

Colloids • A mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughout but are not

Colloids • A mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out. • Made up of solids, liquids and gases. – Examples : • Mayonnaise • Stick deodorant • milk

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