MITOSPORIC FUNGI SPECIAL GROUPS IB 371 GENERAL MYCOLOGY

MITOSPORIC FUNGI SPECIAL GROUPS IB 371 - GENERAL MYCOLOGY LECTURE 19 THURSDAY, OCTOBER 30, 2003

Predaceous Hyphomycetes Usually grouped together as the nematode-trapping fungi, but they may capture a variety of invertebrates, especially protozoans. Display a variety of morphological adaptations to either capture or attach to their prey.

Predaceous Hyphomycetes Usually found in the soil, especially associated with organic debris that is also colonized by invertebrates. Also found in dung, rotting wood, vegetable compost, leaf mold, etc. Recently, a wood-rotting basidiomycete has been found to be predaceous.

METHODS OF ATTACK Sticky hyphae Sticky knobs Non-constricting rings and nets Constricting rings Unusual conidia

STICKY KNOBS

STICKY KNOBS

STICKY KNOBS

ADHESIVE NETS

ADHESIVE NETS

NON-CONSTRICTING RINGS

NON-CONSTRICTING RINGS

NON-CONSTRICTING RINGS

CONSTRICTING RINGS

CONSTRICTING RINGS

CONSTRICTING RINGS

CONSTRICTING RINGS

CONSTRICTING RINGS

CONSTRICTING RINGS

UNUSUAL CONIDIA

UNUSUAL CONIDIA

UNUSUAL CONIDIA

UNUSUAL CONIDIA

AQUATIC HYPHOMYCETES Found commonly in streams, creeks, rivers and a few species are found in lakes and ponds. Occur mostly on deciduous leaves and woody debris of riparian tree and shrub species.

C. T. INGOLD

AQUATIC HYPHOMYCETES Important decomposers of pectin, starches, cellulose & hemicelluloses and lignins Enrich the plant debris they colonize by increasing the protein content May attract and serve as a food resource for invertebrates that are unable to digest lignocelluloses

AQUATIC HYPHOMYCETES Polyphyletic group with representatives in the Basidiomycota and Ascomycota (Discomycetes, Pyrenomycetes, Loculoascomycetes) Morphologically adapted for dispersal in water and attachment to substrates in flowing water

CONDIAL TYPES

CONDIAL TYPES

IN-CLASS ACTIVITY WHY WOULD NATURAL SELECTION FAVOR SIGMOIDAL OR BRANCHED CONDIDIA IN FRESHWATER?

Riffle area at Steps Bridge, Devon, England

ACCUMULATION OF FOAM

SPORES ADHERING TO AIR BUBBLE

FILIFORM CONIDIA

FILIFORM CONIDIA

TETRARADIATE CONIDIUM

TETRARADIATE CONIDIUM

TETRARADIATE CONIDIUM

TETRARADIATE CONIDIUM

SEM OF SUBMERGED DECOMPOSING LEAF

DECOMPOSING LEAVES

CONIDIA FILTERED FROM STREAM WATER

ENERGY FLOW IN STREAMS

AEROAQUATIC HYPHOS Found in lentic and lotic habitats Adapted for habitats with fluctuating water levels and for emergent substrates Polyphyletic group (Basidiomycetous and Ascomycetous teleomorphs) Decomposers of submerged substrates Sporulate when substrates exposed to air

AEROAQUATIC HYPHOS

AEROAQUATIC HYPHOS

AEROAQUATIC HYPHOS

AEROAQUATIC HYPHOS

AEROAQUATIC HYPHOS

AEROAQUATIC HYPHOS

AEROAQUATIC HYPHOS

AEROAQUATIC HYPHOS

AEROAQUATIC HYPHOS

AEROAQUATIC HYPHOS

AEROAQUATIC HYPHOS

AEROAQUATIC HYPHOS Morphologically adapted to trap air and/or float Coiled conidia Multicelled conidia with hollow centers Hydrophobic conidia