Mitosis Phases of the Cell Cycle Mitosis PMAT

Mitosis

Phases of the Cell Cycle

Mitosis (PMAT) Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase What is the purpose of mitosis? ◦ Replication/Growth ◦ Repair ◦ Replacement

Interphase G 1 phase ◦ Normal cell activity ◦ Enzymes double S phase ◦ DNA replication ◦ Chromosomes double G 2 phase ◦ Preparation for Mitosis ◦ Organelles double

Prophase Chromatin condenses into chromosomes Centrioles separate Spindle begins to form Nuclear envelope breaks down Nucleolus breaks down

Chromatin vs Chromosome How are chromatin and chromosomes different from each other? ◦ Chromosomes ◦ Chromatin ◦ Complex of DNA wrapped around proteins called Histones What are sister chromatids? What holds the sister chromatids together?

Metaphase Chromosomes line up at metaphase plate Spindle fibers connect to chromosomes at its centromere

Anaphase Sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart

Telophase Cleavage furrow forms ◦ Cytoplasm pinches in Chromosomes uncoil into chromatin Nuclear envelope reforms Spindle breaks apart Centrioles disappear Nucleolus becomes visible Cleavage furrow

Cytokinesis Cell separation Two identical daughter cells form

Mitosis vs Meiosis What kind of cell undergoes mitosis? ◦ Somatic Cells ◦ Body Cells What kind of cell undergoes meiosis? ◦ Gametes ◦ Sex Cells How many chromosomes does a haploid human cell have? 23 chromosomes -N number of chromosomes How many chromosomes does a diploid human cell have? 46 Chromosomes -2 N number of chromosomes

Organism complexity What determines how complex an organism is? ◦ The number of genes or the number of proteins made? ◦ Proteins