Mitosis and Meiosis Cell Division and Reproduction MITOSIS

MITOSIS o o o Process of one cell making two new identical daughter cells

Phases of Mitosis – an overview 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ¡ Interphase

MITOSIS o INTERPHASE: Cell is preparing to divide, nucleus visible but no chromosomes are

MITOSIS o PROPHASE: Nuclear membrane disappears, DNA condenses into chromosomes and becomes visible inside

MITOSIS o METAPHASE: Spindle fibers form at opposite sides of chromosomes; chromosomes line up

MITOSIS o EARLY ANAPHASE: Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes; pull one chromosome set to

MITOSIS o LATE ANAPHASE: Chromosomes are at opposite sides of the cell; spindle fibers

MITOSIS o TELOPHASE: Chromosome sets assemble at opposite poles and a nuclear envelope reforms

Mitosis ¡ CYTOKINESIS: Cytoplasm fully divides and two new cells are formed. Each new

MITOSIS o One large cell makes two smaller cells with same number of chromosomes;

MEIOSIS o o One large cell will produce 4 smaller cells Each cell will

MEIOSIS o o o Looks like two versions of mitosis DNA does not duplicate

MEIOSIS o The egg cell and sperm cell combine to form a zygote (new

MEIOSIS o One cell makes 4 reproductive cells

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Mitosis and Meiosis Cell Division and Reproduction

MITOSIS o o o Process of one cell making two new identical daughter cells Both new cells will have the same number of chromosomes as the original cell Both new cells will have the same DNA code as the original cell

Phases of Mitosis – an overview 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ¡ Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis (Create a mnemonic for IPMATC)

MITOSIS o INTERPHASE: Cell is preparing to divide, nucleus visible but no chromosomes are visible, cell grows and DNA is duplicated

MITOSIS o PROPHASE: Nuclear membrane disappears, DNA condenses into chromosomes and becomes visible inside cell

MITOSIS o METAPHASE: Spindle fibers form at opposite sides of chromosomes; chromosomes line up in center of cell

MITOSIS o EARLY ANAPHASE: Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes; pull one chromosome set to each side of cell

MITOSIS o LATE ANAPHASE: Chromosomes are at opposite sides of the cell; spindle fibers disappear

MITOSIS o TELOPHASE: Chromosome sets assemble at opposite poles and a nuclear envelope reforms around each set.

Mitosis ¡ CYTOKINESIS: Cytoplasm fully divides and two new cells are formed. Each new cell is ½ the size of the original cell.

MITOSIS o One large cell makes two smaller cells with same number of chromosomes; allows organisms to grow

MEIOSIS o o One large cell will produce 4 smaller cells Each cell will have ½ the normal number of chromosomes The cells produced during meiosis will fuse together during sexual reproduction May be called egg and sperm or + and -

MEIOSIS o o o Looks like two versions of mitosis DNA does not duplicate a second time through prophase 1 cell makes two identical cells, then each of these makes two cells with ½ the normal number of chromosomes

MEIOSIS o The egg cell and sperm cell combine to form a zygote (new organism) o ½ chromosomes in egg + ½ chromosome in sperm = NEW ORGANISM WITH RIGHT NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES

MEIOSIS o One cell makes 4 reproductive cells