Mitosis 1 Division Mitosis of the nucleus Also
- Slides: 30
Mitosis 1
ü Division Mitosis of the nucleus ü Also called karyokinesis ü Only occurs in eukaryotes ü Has four stages ü Doesn’t occur in some cells such as brain cells 2
Four Mitotic Stages ü Prophase ü Metaphase ü Anaphase ü Telophase 3
Early Prophase ü Chromatin in nucleus condenses to form visible chromosomes ü Mitotic spindle forms from fibers in cytoskeleton or centrioles (animal) Nucleolus Cytoplasm Nuclear Membrane Chromosomes 4
Late Prophase ü Nuclear membrane & nucleolus are broken down ü Chromosomes continue condensing & are clearly visible ü Spindle fibers called kinetochores attach to the centromere of each chromosome ü Spindle finishes forming between the poles of the cell 5
Late Prophase Chromosomes Nucleus & Nucleolus have disintegrated 6
Spindle Fiber attached to Chromosome Kinetochore Fiber Chromosome 7
Review of Prophase What the cell looks like What’s happening 8
Spindle Fibers The mitotic spindle form from the microtubules in plants and centrioles in animal cells ü Polar fibers extend from one pole of the cell to the opposite pole ü Kinetochore fibers extend from the pole to the centromere of the chromosome to which they attach ü Asters are short fibers radiating from centrioles ü 9
Sketch The Spindle 10
Metaphase üChromosomes, attached to the kinetochore fibers, move to the center of the cell üChromosomes are now lined up at the equator Equator of Cell Pole of the Cell 11
Metaphase Aster Chromosomes at Equator 12
Review of Metaphase What the cell looks like What’s occurring 13
Anaphase ü Occurs ü Sister rapidly chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell by kinetochore fibers 14
Anaphase Review What the cell looks like What’s occurring 15
Telophase üSister chromatids at opposite poles üSpindle disassembles üNuclear envelope forms around each set of sister chromatids üNucleolus reappears üCYTOKINESIS occurs üChromosomes reappear as 16
Comparison of Anaphase & Telophase 17
Cytokinesis ü Means division of the cytoplasm ü Division of cell into two, identical halves called daughter cells ü In plant cells, cell plate forms at the equator to divide cell ü In animal cells, cleavage furrow forms to split cell 18
Cytokinesis Cleavage furrow in animal cell Cell plate in plant cell 19
Mitotic Stages 20
Daughter Cells of Mitosis ü Have the same number of chromosomes as each other and as the parent cell from which they were formed ü Identical to each other, but smaller than parent cell ü Must grow in size to become mature cells (G 1 of Interphase) 21
Identical Daughter Cells What is the 2 n or diploid number? 2 Chromosome number the same, but cells smaller than parent cell 22
Review of Mitosis 23
Eukaryotic Cell Division Used for growth and repair ü Produce two new cells identical to the original cell ü Cells are diploid (2 n) ü Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Chromosomes during Metaphase of mitosis Telophase Cytokinesis 24
Mitosis Animation Name each stage as you see it occur? 25
Mitosis in Onion Root Tipsof mitosis? Do you see any stages 26
Name the Stages of Mitosis: Early prophase Early Anaphase Metaphase Interphase Late Prophase Late telophase, Advanced cytokinesis Early Telophase, Begin cytokinesis Mid-Prophase Late Anaphase 27
Identify the Stages ? Early, Middle, & Late Prophase ? ? Metaphase Late Prophase Anaphase ? ? Late Anaphase ? Telophase ? Telophase & Cytokinesis 28
Locate the Four Mitotic Stages in Plants Anaphase Telophase Metaphase Prophase 29
Uncontrolled Mitosis If mitosis is not controlled, unlimited cell division occurs causing cancerous tumors ü Oncogenes are special proteins that increase the chance that a normal cell develops into a tumor cell ü Cancer cells 30
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