MITOGENOME FRAGMENTATION IN ANIMALS POSSIBLE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS Tadeusz

MITOGENOME FRAGMENTATION IN ANIMALS – POSSIBLE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS Tadeusz Malewski Department of Molecular and Biometric Techniques, Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland

Typical organization of mt. DNA in animals Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1819 (2012): 939 - 947

Multipartite mitochondrial DNA Wei D-D, Shao R, Yuan M-L, Dou W, Barker SC, et al. (2012) The Multipartite Mitochondrial Genome of Liposcelis bostrychophila: Insights into the Evolution of Mitochondrial Genomes in Bilateral Animals. PLo. S ONE 7(3): e 33973. doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0033973

Multipartite mitochondrial DNA Gibson T, Blok VC, Phillips MS, Hong G, Kumarasinghe D, Riley IT, Dowton M (2007) The Mitochondrial Subgenomes of the Nematode Globodera pallida are Mosaics: Evidence of Recombination in an Animal Mitochondrial Genome J Mol Evol 64: 463– 471

Multipartite mitochondrial DNA Smith DR, Kayal E, Yanagihara AA, Collins AG, Pirro S, Keeling PJ (2011) First Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence from a Box Jellyfish Reveals a Highly Fragmented Linear Architecture and Insights into Telomere Evolution Genome Biol. Evol. 4(1): 52– 58.

Multipartite mitochondrial DNA Shao R, Zhu X-Q, Barker SC, Herd K (2012) Evolution of Extensively Fragmented Mitochondrial Genomes in the Lice of Humans Genome Biol. Evol. 4(11): 1088– 1101

Multipartite mitochondrial DNA number of minicycles Hexapoda Liposcelis bostrychophila – 2 Damalinia sika – 3 Pediculus humanus – 20 Nematoda Globodera pallida – 7 Globodera rostrochiensis – 7 Rotifera Brachionus plicatilis – 2 Medusozoa Hydra magnipapillata – 2 Mesosoa Dicyema misakiense – 6 Diplonemids Diplonema papillatum > 100

Possible molecular mechanisms responsible formation and maintaining of multipartite mt. DNA - replication - recombination

Kasiviswanathan R, Collins TRL, Copeland WC (2012) The interface of transcription and DNA replication in the mitochondria Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1819: 970– 978

Silencing of Tb. PIF 2 expression resulted in rapid loss of maxicircles with little effect on minicircles Abundance of Tb. PIF 2 is controlled through proteolytic degradation by Tb. Hsl. VU Klingbeil MM, Shapiro TA (2009) Unraveling the Secrets of Regulating Mitochondrial DNA Replication Molecular Cell 35: 398 - 400

RNA (? ) helicase Suv 3 Comparison of efficacy of RNA and DNA unwinding reaction mediated by h. Suv 3 p as a function of decreasing enzyme concentration. M. Minczuk, J. Piwowarski, M. A. Papworth, K. Awiszus, S. Schalinski, A. Dziembowski, A. Dmochowska, E. Bartnik, K. Tokatlidis, P. P. Stepien, P. Borowski (2002) Localisation of the human h. Suv 3 p helicase in the mitochondrial matrix and itspreferential unwinding of ds. DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 30: 5074– 5086.

A model of the functional interplay between the activities of the yeast mitochondrial degradosome. Szczesny RJ, Borowski LS, Malecki M, Wojcik MA, Stepien PP, Golik P (2012) RNA Degradation in Yeast and Human Mitochondria Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1819: 1027– 1034

Alverson AJ, Zhuo S, Rice DW, Sloan DB, et al. (2011) The Mitochondrial Genome of the Legume Vigna radiata and the Analysis of Recombination across Short Mitochondrial Repeats. PLo. S ONE 6(1): e 16404. doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0016404

Alverson AJ, Zhuo S, Rice DW, Sloan DB, et al. (2011) The Mitochondrial Genome of the Legume Vigna radiata and the Analysis of Recombination across Short Mitochondrial Repeats. PLo. S ONE 6(1): e 16404. doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0016404 http: //www. plosone. org/article/info: doi/10. 1371/journal. pone. 0016404

Alverson AJ, Zhuo S, Rice DW, Sloan DB, et al. (2011) The Mitochondrial Genome of the Legume Vigna radiata and the Analysis of Recombination across Short Mitochondrial Repeats. PLo. S ONE 6(1): e 16404. doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0016404 http: //www. plosone. org/article/info: doi/10. 1371/journal. pone. 0016404

Multipartite mitochondrial DNA Shao R, Zhu X-Q, Barker SC, Herd K (2012) Evolution of Extensively Fragmented Mitochondrial Genomes in the Lice of Humans Genome Biol. Evol. 4(11): 1088– 1101

Stem-loop structures in multipartite mt. DNA of Globodera GGTTTTTCG T-A T-A GGTTTTTCG A-T A-T A-T Scmt I 5389 -5415 Scmt III 1593 -1619 G. pallida TTCTCGGTC T-A T-A T-A A-T T-A TTAATTAT T-A T-A T-A C-G T-A A-T TATTCTTTCC T-A A-T A-T A-T T-A Scmt VII 1849 -1874 2479 -2506 283 -308 G. rostrochiensis