Missouri Compromise and Andrew Jackson Notes US History

Missouri Compromise and Andrew Jackson Notes US History and Government- 11 th Grade- Bennett

Missouri Compromise The issue of slavery and the movement West

1819 11 free states and 11 slave states Problem- what to do with new territories? Senate consisted of : 2 representatives from each state House of Representatives: based on states population- slave states had more representatives

Why is this a problem? In 1820, 2 territories want to enter: Maine Missouri-(about 2, 000 slaves) What is the dilemma for Congress?

Missouri Compromise also known as The Compromise of 1820 Maine to enter as a free state Missouri as a slave state Compromise stated: No slavery north of 36° 30` latitude

Interactive map of Missouri Compromise http: //www. teachingamericanhistory. org/neh/interactives/sectio nalism/lesson 1/

Quick fix The Missouri Compromise was a temporary solution to the questions of slavery and territorial rights.

South’s Response South realize that this compromise threatened the balance between free and slave states WHY? South felt the US would need territories from Mexico’s territory in which to expand slavery the only area left was in Arkansas

Which statement best describes the failure of the compromise? a. Compromise kept a balance between slave and free states b. Compromise is only possible among rational people c. Compromise did not prevent the Civil War d. Compromise is usually short lived

The Missouri Compromise A Segment of the Causes of the civil war http: //player. discoveryeducation. com/index. cfm? guid. Asset. Id=7650532625 E 3 -45 FE-BA 81 -FE 94 C 436 F 71 D&bln. From. Search=1&productcode=US

Quick Quiz The purpose of the Missouri compromise was to a. Return slaves captured in free states to slave states b. Allow slavery in Maine but not in Missouri c. Maintain a balance of free and slave states d. Let Missouri have slavery until 1850

Thomas Jefferson on the Missouri Compromise: “This momentous question, like a fireball in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the knell of the Union. It is hushed, indeed, for the moment. But this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence. ” 1. What question is Jefferson comparing to a “fireball in the night? ” 2. What is Jefferson predicting that this issue could do?

The Age of Jackson Main idea: Jackson’s policies spoke for the common people but violated the rights of Native Americans

Election of 1824 John Quincy Adam vs. Andrew Jackson won the popular vote but neither had the majority of electoral votes. Decision went to the House of Representatives. Henry Clay swung the vote in the House because he didn't’ think Jackson, a military general was up to the task of being president. Jackson was from a poor background and from the west

Jacksonian Support Many of Jackson’s supporters felt that Adams had stolen the election and continued to support him in subsequent years. The “Jacksonians, ” his supporters, left the Republican Party to form the Democratic-Republican Party. More people voted in the election of 1828 than ever before and Jackson won as a result.

Appeal to the common citizen During the campaign, Jackson characterized Adams as an intellectual elitist and portrayed himself as a man of humble origins even though he himself was a wealthy plantation owner. Jackson won in a landslide. First president since George Washington without a college education.

Jackson’s Spoils System “To the victor belongs the spoils of the enemy. ” Limited federal appointees to 4 -year terms. Claimed this would combat corruption Fired 10% of all federal employees and replaced them with loyal Jacksonians. Dubbed his “kitchen cabinet. ”

Removal of Native Americans Two views of Native Americans existed: 1. They should be removed 2. They should be converted to Christianity Many had adapted to Euro-American culture and were dubbed the “Five Civilized Tribes. ” Lived in Georgia, the Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee. Their presence posed a problem because many white planters and miners wanted their land.

Indian Removal Act of 1830 Jackson did not think that the Natives could assimilate into American culture. Assimilation- the process of belonging or fully understanding a culture. Felt the only option was to move Native Americans west of the lands that white settlers wanted.

Indian Removal Act Congress passed the Act in 1830. Law provided funds to negotiate treaties that would force the Natives to move west of the Mississippi Cherokee fought back Tried to appeal to the Marshall Supreme Court Ruled that they had no federal standing because they were not a nation or a state. Worcester v. Georgia Cherokee Nation won recognition as a distinct political community.

Trail of Tears Not all Cherokee left, nearly 20, 000 remained. President Van Buren in 1838 sent in armed troops to kick them out. 800 -mile trip, mostly by foot. More than ¼ died making the journey. Government officials stole their money and their livestock.

Tariff of 1828 - Do individual states have the right to reject federal laws that they disagree with? Tariff- tax on an imported good Why issue a tariff? Make the cost of imported goods higher so consumer will buy more goods manufactured in the United States. Who did it help? The North because they had the majority of factories Who did it hurt? The South because they had to purchase most of their finished goods because they were an agricultural society

VP- John C. Calhoun From South Carolina Disagreed with the tariff because it hurt residents of his state. Argued states had the right to reject or nullify laws that the state objected to. Could the federal government pass a law to end slavery as well? ? ?

Nullification Crisis Nullify- reject or cancel a law Believed that because the states had accepted or ratified the Constitution that they also had the right to nullify laws.

Daniel Webster’s Counter argument We are all “Agents of the same Supreme Power” Supremacy Clause

S. C. Threatens to secede Secede- break away from the country They decide to stay when other states refuse to join them.