Ministry for Environment Land Sea Ministry for Agriculture

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Ministry for Environment, Land Sea Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Forestry Policies Regions of

Ministry for Environment, Land Sea Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Forestry Policies Regions of Piemonte, Lombardia, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna and Friuli Venezia Giulia Preliminary assessment for a derogation request from Italy (Northern Italy) Bruxelles, 29 September 2009

PART I - Overview of water quality and implementation of Nitrates Directive Francesco Mundo

PART I - Overview of water quality and implementation of Nitrates Directive Francesco Mundo - Ministry for Environment, Land Sea

Outline • Water quality (art. 10 report) • Designation of nitrates vulnerable zones •

Outline • Water quality (art. 10 report) • Designation of nitrates vulnerable zones • Main provisions of the action programmes and measures in non-vulnerable zones

Comparison between monitoring networks (periods 2000 -2003 and 2004 -2007) 65% increase (from 4852

Comparison between monitoring networks (periods 2000 -2003 and 2004 -2007) 65% increase (from 4852 to 7995 points)* *the figures do not take into account further monitoring points located in regions Basilicata and Sicilia

Groundwater quality classes – Average nitrate concentration 0 – 24. 99 mg/l 25 –

Groundwater quality classes – Average nitrate concentration 0 – 24. 99 mg/l 25 – 39. 99 mg/l North 40 – 50 mg/l > 50 mg/l 6% 12% 16% 66%

Focus on Northern Regions Groundwater quality classes – Average nitrate concentration 0 – 24.

Focus on Northern Regions Groundwater quality classes – Average nitrate concentration 0 – 24. 99 mg/l 25 – 39. 99 mg/l 40 – 50 mg/l > 50 mg/l 11% 8% 18% 63%

Surface water quality classes – average nitrate concentration 0 – 1. 99 mg/l 2

Surface water quality classes – average nitrate concentration 0 – 1. 99 mg/l 2 – 9. 99 mg/l 10 – 24. 99 mg/l 25 – 39. 99 mg/l 40 – 50 mg/l > 50 mg/l

Focus on Northern Regions Surface water quality classes – average nitrate concentration 0 –

Focus on Northern Regions Surface water quality classes – average nitrate concentration 0 – 1. 99 mg/l 2 – 9. 99 mg/l 10 – 24. 99 mg/l 25 – 39. 99 mg/l 40 – 50 mg/l > 50 mg/l

Average nitrate concentration in coastal waters of Emilia Romagna (years 2002 – 2008) 0.

Average nitrate concentration in coastal waters of Emilia Romagna (years 2002 – 2008) 0. 7 0. 6 NO 3 (mg/l) 0. 5 0. 4 0. 3 0. 2 0. 1 0 Zone A Zone B Zone C 2002 0. 4 0. 24 0. 18 2003 0. 42 0. 27 0. 23 2004 2005 0. 59 0. 380000001 0. 35 0. 27 0. 28 0. 2 2006 0. 29 0. 12 2007 2008 0. 21 0. 330000001 0. 14 0. 19 0. 11 0. 14

Average nitrate concentration trends (surface and groundwater)* *Between reporting periods 2000 -2003 and 2004

Average nitrate concentration trends (surface and groundwater)* *Between reporting periods 2000 -2003 and 2004 -2007

Focus on Northern Regions Average nitrate concentration trends Surface water 10% 15% Groundwater 9%

Focus on Northern Regions Average nitrate concentration trends Surface water 10% 15% Groundwater 9% 22% 17% 20% 12% 21% 47% 28%

Regional updated data (1) Average nitrate concentration in groundwater NO 3 (mg/l) Lombardia years

Regional updated data (1) Average nitrate concentration in groundwater NO 3 (mg/l) Lombardia years

Regional updated data (2) Average nitrate concentration in groundwater Number of sampling points Emilia

Regional updated data (2) Average nitrate concentration in groundwater Number of sampling points Emilia Romagna

Regional updated data (3) Average nitrate concentration in groundwater Number of sampling points Piemonte

Regional updated data (3) Average nitrate concentration in groundwater Number of sampling points Piemonte

Experience of implementation of Nitrates Directive in Italy

Experience of implementation of Nitrates Directive in Italy

Main aspects 1. Considerable enlargement of designated vulnerable zones. 2. Adoption of compliant action

Main aspects 1. Considerable enlargement of designated vulnerable zones. 2. Adoption of compliant action programmes in all Regions. 3. Strict measures also in ordinary zones (non-vulnerable zones).

NVZs on a relief map NVZ from 21388 km 2 (year 2003) to 40355

NVZs on a relief map NVZ from 21388 km 2 (year 2003) to 40355 km 2 (year 2008)

Focus on Northern regions - NVZs on a relief map NVZs as a percentage

Focus on Northern regions - NVZs on a relief map NVZs as a percentage of regional plain areas Piemonte 54% Lombardia 56% Emilia Romagna 57% Veneto 60% Friuli Venezia Giulia 53% from 12701 km 2 (year 2003) to 27541 km 2 (year 2008)* *Regions: Lombardia, Emilia Romagna, Veneto, Piemonte e Friuli Venezia Giulia

Action Programmes National AP – Title V of Ministerial Decree of 7 April 2006

Action Programmes National AP – Title V of Ministerial Decree of 7 April 2006 Regional APs: • Piemonte - DPGR 29/10/07 n. 10/R • Lombardia - DGR n. 8/3439 of 07/11/06 – DGR n. 8/5868 of 21/11/07 • Emilia Romagna - DAL 16/01/07 n. 96 • Veneto - DGR n. 2495 of 07/08/06 • Friuli Venezia Giulia - Decreto Presidente Regione 27/10/2008 n. 0295/Pres

Overview of the main measures of the Action Programmes • Closed periods • Storage

Overview of the main measures of the Action Programmes • Closed periods • Storage capacity • Buffer strips • Manure application on slopes • Nitrogen limitation • Manure Nitrogen application and manure efficiency • Further provisions

Closed periods - NVZ

Closed periods - NVZ

Closed periods – Ordinary Zones (OZ)

Closed periods – Ordinary Zones (OZ)

Storage capacity – NVZ

Storage capacity – NVZ

Storage capacity – OZ

Storage capacity – OZ

Buffer strips – NVZ When technically feasible, a permanent vegetation cover is mandatory on

Buffer strips – NVZ When technically feasible, a permanent vegetation cover is mandatory on buffer strips

Buffer strips – OZ

Buffer strips – OZ

Manure application on slopes – NVZ *The slope limit can be increased (up to

Manure application on slopes – NVZ *The slope limit can be increased (up to 20%) when specific spreading techniques are applied

Manure application on slopes – OZ *The slope limit can be increased when specific

Manure application on slopes – OZ *The slope limit can be increased when specific spreading techniques are applied

Further provisions Land application of manure to water-saturated, frozen and snow-covered ground is forbidden

Further provisions Land application of manure to water-saturated, frozen and snow-covered ground is forbidden both in NVZ and in OZ

Manure nitrogen limitation National and regional action programmes establish a limit of application of

Manure nitrogen limitation National and regional action programmes establish a limit of application of nitrogen from livestock manure of 170 kg/(ha·y) (average farm level) in NVZs

Total nitrogen limitation Total nitrogen supply must not exceed specific limits listed, for each

Total nitrogen limitation Total nitrogen supply must not exceed specific limits listed, for each crop, in the relevant table of the Code of Good Agricultural Practice (mandatory in NVZ). Regions have established limits based on the specific characteristics of their territory. Nitrogen application shall be based on nitrogen balance which takes into account Nitrogen residues from previous crops, Natural Nitrogen supply from soil and atmospheric deposition, etc.

Some figures • Contribution from atmospheric deposition: 20 kg N/(ha·year) • Contribution from previous

Some figures • Contribution from atmospheric deposition: 20 kg N/(ha·year) • Contribution from previous crops: alpha and ploughing of permanent grassland 60 to 80 kg N/(ha·year)

Efficiency of manure nitrogen Action Programme National framework Solid manure 40% Liquid manure (current)

Efficiency of manure nitrogen Action Programme National framework Solid manure 40% Liquid manure (current) Liquid manure (by 2011) 36 - 45 % (cattle) 50% (cattle) 42 - 53 % (pigs) 60% (pigs and poultry) 48 - 61 % (poultry)

Manure production and Nitrogen in manure ANNEX I of MD 07/04/2006 - Tables

Manure production and Nitrogen in manure ANNEX I of MD 07/04/2006 - Tables

Revision of the Action Programmes A thorough assessment of Action Programmes is ongoing. Only

Revision of the Action Programmes A thorough assessment of Action Programmes is ongoing. Only minor changes are foreseen for the next APs which should be adopted in 2010 and implemented in parallel with the derogation.

Summary • Water monitoring network is very dense and further improved in the recent

Summary • Water monitoring network is very dense and further improved in the recent years; • in Northern Italy, 77% SW sampling points show average concentration below 10 mg/l NO 3, 81% GW sampling points below 40 mg/l NO 3; • nitrate concentration is stable in both SW and GW; recent monitoring data shows some improvement; • N and P loadings to the Adriatic Sea are decreasing; • additional NVZ were designated covering now 53% to 60% of the plains in Northern Italy; • new action programmes are being implemented including all provisions of Annex III of the ND; • measures addressing pollution from farming practices are also in place in non designated area.

Thank you for your attention

Thank you for your attention