Minimize Fire Risk and Maximize Recovery Water Mist

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Minimize Fire Risk and Maximize Recovery

Minimize Fire Risk and Maximize Recovery

Water Mist Fire Suppression Innovation Derek Wickersham Fike Corporation derek. wickersham@fike. com

Water Mist Fire Suppression Innovation Derek Wickersham Fike Corporation derek. wickersham@fike. com

The Definition of Innovation is something new or improved, having marketable potential, including: •

The Definition of Innovation is something new or improved, having marketable potential, including: • Refinement of existing technologies. • Development of new technologies for new applications. • Development of new technologies for existing applications.

Fire Suppression Innovation Hand Pump Fire Engine Early Fire Fighting Early Electronic Fire Detection

Fire Suppression Innovation Hand Pump Fire Engine Early Fire Fighting Early Electronic Fire Detection Year: 1856 Motorized Fire Engine Year: 1916 Early Fire Suppression

Fire Suppression Innovation Today’s Fire Protection Innovation… Creativity is thinking up new things. Innovation

Fire Suppression Innovation Today’s Fire Protection Innovation… Creativity is thinking up new things. Innovation is DOING new things. ~ Theodore Levitt Today’s Fire Fighting • • Fire Modeling Various forms of Inert Technologies Video Analytics Water Mist Technology Today’s Fire Suppression

Water Mist Innovation Past

Water Mist Innovation Past

Water Mist Innovation: Past-History of Fire Protection Automatic Sprinklers CO² Systems Halon (Production ended

Water Mist Innovation: Past-History of Fire Protection Automatic Sprinklers CO² Systems Halon (Production ended in 1994. Recycled still available. ) Inert Gas HFC’s (FM 200®) High Pressure Water Mist Systems NFPA® 750 Water Mist Standard Hybrid Systems Mist/Fog Systems Emerge Marine Applications Start the Advancement of Water Mist Advancement of Low Pressu Water Mist Systems 1872 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1992 1995 2000 2008 2010

Water Mist Innovation: Past Water Mist Past: Time between years 1990 -2008 – Breakthrough

Water Mist Innovation: Past Water Mist Past: Time between years 1990 -2008 – Breakthrough of modern water mist technology § The year 1990 is very important for the history of modern water mist technology. The change was triggered by a catastrophe. On April 7, 1990 the Scandinavian Star caught fire killing 157 people. § New marine industry codes and standards now required fire protection aboard vessels. § The amount of water needed and heavy piping made it almost unfeasible to use “classic” sprinklers to protect any type of ship. § The first large marine installations for accommodation areas was completed in 1992. § The success of the new marine applications the allowed the development of water mist systems for land applications.

Water Mist Innovation Present

Water Mist Innovation Present

Water Mist Innovation: Present § As the water mist turns to steam, it expands

Water Mist Innovation: Present § As the water mist turns to steam, it expands immensely (1700 times) forcing oxygen away from the flame. § Operates like an inert gas providing 3 D fire protection. § Takes the energy out of the fire, cools, and prevents against reignition of fire. § Incorporates a smoke scrubbing element, lessens the harmful smoke and fumes. § Uses up to 80% less water than sprinklers (deluge app), and 50% less water than most sprinklers (Light Hazard app). Main objective is to provide extinguishment not just control. 3§ Main Concepts: • Inerting = Oxygen Displacement 1. Inerting • Cooling = Heat Extraction 2. Cooling 3. Fuel wetting • Fuel wetting = Blocking of Radiant Heat, preventing the fire from propagating.

Water Mist Innovation: Present-Droplet Size Smaller Droplet: More efficient vaporization, cooling, and inerting. 10

Water Mist Innovation: Present-Droplet Size Smaller Droplet: More efficient vaporization, cooling, and inerting. 10 µm High Pressure Systems 100 µm 150 µm Larger Droplet: More efficien fuel wetting. Storage applications. Low Pressure Systems 300 µm 400 µm Water Mist Nozzle < 999 µm 1, 000 µm Sprinkler Heads > 1000 µm Only full scale fire testing, and not droplet size, will show whether a water mist system can cope with a certain risk or not.

Water Mist Innovation: Present-Systems Characteristics Low Pressure 175 psi or less Intermediate Pressure 176

Water Mist Innovation: Present-Systems Characteristics Low Pressure 175 psi or less Intermediate Pressure 176 psi to 499 psi High Pressure 500 psi or greater, up to 2000 psi Containerized System Pumped System Single Fluid Twin Fluid Fixed Supply Continuous Supply

Water Mist Innovation: Present-Design WATER MIST SYSTEM DESIGN § No universal design method is

Water Mist Innovation: Present-Design WATER MIST SYSTEM DESIGN § No universal design method is recognized for water mist protection systems. § All systems must be designed and installed in accordance with each manufacturer’s Design, Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Manual (DIOM), requirements of FM Global (where applicable), NFPA Standards, and the requirements of the AHJ. § Low Pressure Systems are hydraulically designed from water supply to nozzles using traditional sprinkler design software, process is almost identical to that of traditional sprinkler systems of similar type. § High Pressure Systems are usually designed by the water mist system manufacturer.

Why use Water Mist?

Why use Water Mist?

Why Use Water Mist? : Many Benefits § No Pressure: When there is no,

Why Use Water Mist? : Many Benefits § No Pressure: When there is no, or very little water pressure: • Sprinkler system has to add a fire pump. • Water Mist can be used. It only needs positive inlet pressure, no fire pump needed. § Undersized Incoming Water Mains. Water Mist doesn’t need as much water therefore do not need large incoming water mains. § Remote Location: When you know that you do not have a reliable water source and a storage tank must be used: • Sprinkler system adds huge, very costly tank. • Or Water Mist, the tank will be much smaller Add in the additional benefits of a Water Mist and cost much less. system: • Half the amount of water if discharged. • Clean, non-contaminated water.

Why Use Water Mist? : CO² Life Safety Concerns Why use Water Mist: Concerned

Why Use Water Mist? : CO² Life Safety Concerns Why use Water Mist: Concerned About Life Safety with current CO² system. • Many companies are replacing their current CO² by the request of their insurance company or Safety Department. • In areas that could possibly be occupied, there are concerns of a CO² discharge and the safety of the workers in that area. • Water Mist is a perfect replacement to retrofit existing CO² systems in many different applications from turbines to industrial oil cookers.

Why Use Water Mist? : Collateral Damage Concerns Why use Water Mist: Concerned About

Why Use Water Mist? : Collateral Damage Concerns Why use Water Mist: Concerned About Water Damage from dirty sprinkler water.

Why Use Water Mist? : Corrosion Issues Metal Oxidation or MIC Corrosion Issues? ?

Why Use Water Mist? : Corrosion Issues Metal Oxidation or MIC Corrosion Issues? ? Metal oxidation, another significant cause is microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), or corrosion caused in the pipe interior by the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, microalgae and fungi. The reaction is simple: oxygenated air + water + most metals = corrosion. And corrosion leads to leaks, partially obstructed or blocked pipes and sprinkler heads, system failure and worse.

Why Use Water Mist? : Corrosion Issues System Pipe, Tubing, & Fittings Types Only

Why Use Water Mist? : Corrosion Issues System Pipe, Tubing, & Fittings Types Only pipe and fittings not subject to metal oxidation and MIC are allowed to be used in a water mist system. This pipe helps to keep the water potable for clean, non-contaminated water.

System Types Industrial & Commercial

System Types Industrial & Commercial

System Types: Deluge System Deluge Industrial Type System § Utilizes Open Nozzles. Total Flood.

System Types: Deluge System Deluge Industrial Type System § Utilizes Open Nozzles. Total Flood. § Piping network is empty (open to atmosphere) from the system deluge valve to the nozzles during normal system operation. § Water supply is held back by the deluge valve. § Deluge valve is opened automatically through the activation of the solenoid installed on the valve trim in response to the activation of the fire detection system installed in the protected area. § Simultaneously, the detection system activates the fire pump sending pressurized water through the piping network to the open nozzles.

System Types: Deluge System Type Example

System Types: Deluge System Type Example

System Types: Deluge System Deluge: Zoned System Example

System Types: Deluge System Deluge: Zoned System Example

System Types: Wet Pipe System Wet Pipe Commercial Type System § Utilizes Closed Head

System Types: Wet Pipe System Wet Pipe Commercial Type System § Utilizes Closed Head automatic nozzles. § Operates just like a traditional sprinkler system. § Wet Pipe network is filled with water to the nozzles during normal system operation. § Thermal element designed to open the nozzle when the temperature surrounding the nozzle reaches temperature of the bulb (just like a sprinkler head). § Must be installed in areas where the temperature is reliably maintained

System Types: Wet Pipe System Type Activation § Upon continuous flow of water, due

System Types: Wet Pipe System Type Activation § Upon continuous flow of water, due to a broken bulb in the nozzle, the water flow switch must be installed to send a signal to the releasing panel, which then signals the fire pump controller to activate the fire pump. § An FM Approved releasing panel is require in both the Deluge System AND the Wet Pipe System.

System Types: Wet Pipe System Closed Head Nozzle Installed Example

System Types: Wet Pipe System Closed Head Nozzle Installed Example

System Types: Pre. Action System Pre. Action Data Center/Computer Equipment Protection Type System §

System Types: Pre. Action System Pre. Action Data Center/Computer Equipment Protection Type System § Utilizes Closed Head automatic nozzles. § Operates just like a traditional Pre. Action sprinkler system. § Pipe network is filled with compressed air to the nozzles during normal system operation. § Loss of supervisor air AND the activation of your detection system. § No corrosion issues therefore only compressed air will ever be used. Compressed Air Inlet

FM Approved Water Mist Applications

FM Approved Water Mist Applications

Applications: Where to Use Water Mist Protection of Combustion or Steam Turbines in Enclosures

Applications: Where to Use Water Mist Protection of Combustion or Steam Turbines in Enclosures Hazard • Steam, combustion turbines • Pump/lube/bearing/shaft fires • Power Producing Facilities Design Considerations • Deluge system with detection – open nozzles. • Follow manufacturer’s instructions for avoiding direct impingement on turbine casing • FM Approved application

Applications: Where to Use Water Mist Protection of Machinery in Enclosures Hazard • Spaces

Applications: Where to Use Water Mist Protection of Machinery in Enclosures Hazard • Spaces containing internal combustion engines, oil pumps, oil tanks, fuel filters, generators, transformer vaults, gear boxes, drive shafts, lube skids, diesel-driven generators. • Other equipment using liquid hydrocarbon fuel, hydraulic or heat transfer lube fluids. Design Considerations • Deluge system with detection – open nozzles. • Complete compartment protection. • FM Approved application

Applications: Where to Use Water Mist Protection of Hazard Category 1 (HC-1) or Light

Applications: Where to Use Water Mist Protection of Hazard Category 1 (HC-1) or Light Hazard • Non-Storage Occupancies, Hazard Category 1 as defined by FM • Light Hazard as defined by NFPA • Lightly loaded non-storage, non-manufacturing areas Design Considerations • Closed head nozzles with glass bulb. • Wet Alarm system, water is present in pipe at all times. • Water supply (FM) = 60 minutes for nine most hydraulically remote nozzles. • Animal Shelters • Churches • Clubs • Eaves/Overha ngs • Kennels • Offices • Residential • Theaters • Education • Hospitals • Institutions • Libraries • Museums • Nursing Homes • Restaurants • Unused Attics FM Approvals • Unlimited area, as long as you can provide adequate pressure to the farthest nozzle. • Apartments • Atriums • Concealed Spaces • Gyms • Hotels • Kitchens • Meeting Rooms • Metalworking Shops (Non. Hydraulic) • Mineral Processing

Applications: Where to Use Water Mist Protection of Wet Benches and Similar Processing Equipment

Applications: Where to Use Water Mist Protection of Wet Benches and Similar Processing Equipment Water mist systems listed under this category are for protection in both working surfaces and enclosed spaces of wet benches and similar processing equipment (e. g. glove boxes). These special protection systems have been evaluated in ventilated and unventilated conditions. The systems are designed to provide at least two (2) minutes of protection. Design these systems to provide protection within the occupancy-specific recommendations described in FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheet Number 7 -7, Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities and the manufacturer's design, installation, operation and maintenance manual. Use of the installation guidelines provided in the FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets are recommended for FM Global insured. FM Approval is voided by any deviation from the listing.

Applications: Where to Use Water Mist Data Processing Equipment / Computer Roo Pre-Action System

Applications: Where to Use Water Mist Data Processing Equipment / Computer Roo Pre-Action System – FM Approved for Data Center Protection § Protection of Computer Room Subfloors § Protection of Data Processing Equipment Rooms/Halls – Above-Floor Protection § Protection of Data Processing Equipment Rooms/Halls – Below-Floor Protection - Area of Coverage Design § Protection of Data Processing Equipment Rooms/Halls – Below-Floor Protection - Local Application Design

Applications: Where to Use Water Mist Local Application Protection (Indoor, no enclosure) Water mist

Applications: Where to Use Water Mist Local Application Protection (Indoor, no enclosure) Water mist systems listed under this category have been performance tested utilizing a wide range of spray and pool fires. Design these special protection systems to provide protection for a the specific limitations described in the manufacturer's design and installation manual. FM Approval is voided by any deviation from the listing.

Applications: Where to Use Water Mist Protection of Industrial Oil Cookers Water mist systems

Applications: Where to Use Water Mist Protection of Industrial Oil Cookers Water mist systems listed under this category are for the protection of industrial oil cookers. Fire tests include different length cookers with exhaust hoods both in the lower cooking and upper maintenance positions. FM Testing Criteria A. The water mist system shall be capable of extinguishing any auto-ignition fire (AIT) fire inside the industrial oil cooker mockup, regardless of its hood position. B. All open flames shall be extinguished within one minute from the discharge of mist from any nozzle. This criterion may be verified visually. F. During the discharge of the water mist system, there should be no excessive fire flareups, micro explosions of oil reacting with water, or splashing of the burning oil. At a minimum, activation of the system shall not create any additional fire hazard by spreading out the burning oil in the vicinity of the industrial oil cookers.

Applications: Where to Use Water Mist Continuous Wood Board Presses Water mist systems listed

Applications: Where to Use Water Mist Continuous Wood Board Presses Water mist systems listed under this category have been performance tested using a wide range of fires in the press pocket and heat tunnel. This application is further defined in FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheet Number 7 -10, Wood Processing and Woodworking Facilities. Application of the water mist system is limited to the protection of the continuous wood board press only, and does not include the protection of other equipment unless specifically tested for those other applications. Protect all hazards included under the scope of this application for a minimum of twice the longest time to extinguish the test fires or 30 minutes, whichever is greater.

Where evolving to Use Water Mist Applications: is still an up and coming, technology

Where evolving to Use Water Mist Applications: is still an up and coming, technology and will continue to add new applications in the near future. FM 5560 APPENDIX N: Other Occupancies which FM Global has an Interest in Protecting with Water Mist Systems: • Ignitable liquid (also known as flammable liquid) dispensing/distribution operations. • Ignitable liquid (also known as flammable liquid) storage in metal drums in storage rooms. • CNC Machines. • Engine Test Cells. • Cable Spreading Room/Cable Tunnel. • Flight Simulators. • Occupancies listed in FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheet Number 3 -26, Fire Protection Water Demand for Nonstorage Sprinklered Properties, Table 1. Other than Hazard Category 1. Tunnel Protection – no current standard but Water Mist is being used all over the world.

QUESTIONS?

QUESTIONS?