Ming and Qing Dynasties Last 3 Dynasties Beijing

Ming and Qing Dynasties

Last 3 Dynasties (Beijing) • Yuan Dynasty (1271 -1368) – Mongolian – north of China proper • Ming Dynasty (1368 -1644) – Han Chinese • Qing Dynasty (1644 -1911) – Manchu – northeast of China proper

Confucian culture • modern concept of political nation state • Chinese defined by Confucian culture • civil service exam (605 -1905) – social mobility – reward diligence, discipline, and willpower, but not talent or innovation • law of avoidance • “sum of social relationships”

Social hierarchy and mobility • scholar-officials, farmers, artisans, and merchants • scholar-official-landlord – learning, political power, and economic wealth • local elite (gentry) and lineage • lack of work ethic – literati’s long gown – foot-binding for women

Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644)

China’s Tributary System • Traditional system for managing foreign relations • The ``Central Kingdom” worldview • Ming dynasty had the most extensive tributary system – tributes from East Asia, Southeast Asia, and even West Asia and Africa

Zheng He’s fleet (1405 - 1433) • Over 300 ships & 20, 000 men • trade and commerce • Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia, and East Africa

Zheng He’s expeditions

Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1912) • Ming dynasty fell in 1644 amid peasant uprisings and Manchu invasion • Manchu and Han Chinese

Ming and Qing Emperors

Mandate of Heaven

The 6 Bu • Ministries (departments of government) • 6 -Bu system started in early Tang Dynasty (618 907)

The 6 Bu (ministries) • • • Ministry of Personnel Ministry of Revenue Ministry of Rites Ministry of Military Ministry of Criminal Justice Ministry of Public Works

Assignment • Create a thinking map comparing the Ming and Qing dynasties to each other. • Then write a paragraph to summarize the Ming Dynasty’s impact on global trade.