Minerals 1 Minerals which are naturally existing chemical
- Slides: 38
Minerals
1) Minerals which are naturally existing chemical compounds.
2) Minerals can be identified by their physical properties.
3) What are the four characteristics of a mineral? Naturally occurring Crystal Structure/Chemical Substance Inorganic/ Non-Living Solid
Natural A mineral must occur naturally in the Earth’s crust. It cannot be man made.
Inorganic A mineral must be inorganic rather than organic. Organic materials are formed from living things. Minerals must be made from things that were never alive.
Solid A mineral is always a solid. It can never be a liquid or a gas.
Pattern / Chemical Substance / Crystal Structure A mineral’s atoms are arranged in a definite pattern. This repeating pattern is called a crystal.
Elements! The two most common elements in the Earth’s crust are oxygen and silicon. (#5)
Silicate Minerals that contain silicon and oxygen are silicate minerals. Silicate minerals make up 90% of the earth’s crust. The other 10% are non-silicate minerals.
The most common classification of minerals is based on chemical composition. Minerals are classified based on chemical composition in two groups. What are these two groups? 1. Silicates 2. Nonsilicates #4 & #5
Common Types of Silicate Minerals �Quartz�Basic Building block of many rocks
Common Types of Silicate Minerals � Feldspar – Main component of most rocks on earth’s surface
Common Types of Silicate Minerals � Mica – � Mica minerals separate into sheets easily when they break
6) Minerals that contain combinations of silicon and oxygen in their chemical structure are called silicates and minerals without silicon and oxygen are called nonsilicates.
7) The structure of a crystal is made by a repeating pattern of atoms. The largest crystals are formed as superheated rocks slowly cool. Where are these large crystals formed? Underground near magma.
Non-Silicate Minerals that do not contain oxygen or silicon are non-silicate minerals!!! Some of these minerals are made up of elements like carbon, oxygen, fluorine, and sulfur!!!
Minerals we use all the time
Minerals Carbonates building stones Cement fireworks. Fireworks
Minerals Halides Detergents chemical industry Detergent
Minerals Oxides Abrasives Paint airplane parts. Paint
Minerals Sulfates Paint Cement Toothpaste cosmetics Toothpaste
Minerals Sulfides batteries electronic parts medicines Batteries
Mineral or NOT?
Mineral or Not? ? ? ? Wood NOT It was living
Wood NOT – once living
Mineral or Not? ? ? ? Wood NOT It was living
Mineral or Not? ? ? ? Gold YES
Mineral or Not? ? ? ? Fossil NOT It was living
Mineral or Not? ? ? ? Topaz YES
Mineral or Not? ? ? ? bone NOT It is living
Mineral or Not? ? ? ? Granite YES
Mineral or Not? ? ? ? Quartz YES
Mineral or Not? ? ? ? Pearls NOT Made by oysters
Mineral or Not? ? ? ? Talc YES
Mineral or Not? ? ? ? Diamond YES
Mineral or Not? ? ? ? coal NOT Was once living material – plants Sedimentary rock
Mineral or Not? ? ? ? Rock Salt YES
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