MINERAL CLASSIFICATION How minerals are grouped Classification Minerals
- Slides: 17
MINERAL CLASSIFICATION How minerals are grouped
Classification • Minerals are generally grouped or classified based on their chemical composition. • Most common system is the Dana system. • Developed by Professor James Dana of Yale University in 1848.
Mineral Composition • Minerals are usually compounds made of the most common elements in the crust
Silicates ü The largest group of minerals ü Composed of: ü Metal + Si. O 2 ü Example: topaz Al 2 Si. O 4(F, OH)3
Carbonates ü The second largest group of minerals ü Composed of: ü Metal + CO 3 ü Example: calcite Ca. CO 3
Oxides ü Composed of: ü Metal + O ü Example: magnetite Fe 3 O 4
Sulfates ü Composed of: ü Metal + SO 4 ü Example: barite Ba. SO 4
Halides ü Composed of: ü Metal + halogen ü Halogens include: üChlorine üFluorine üBromine üIodine Ca. F 2 üExample: fluorite
Sulfides ü Composed of: ü Metal + S ü Example: chalcocite Cu 2 S
Phosphates ü Composed of: ü Metal + PO 4 ü Example: Apatite Ca 5(PO 4)3(OH, F, Cl)
Nitrates ü Composed of: ü Metal + NO 3 ü Example: Niter KNO 3
Native Elements ü Composed of: ü A single element ü Example: Gold Au
Instructions: Place the names of the mineral groups across the top of your desk. Place the minerals in the correct column based on the chemistry.
Here are the correct results
Native Elements Silicates Oxides Halides Phosphates Gold: Au Beryl: Be 3 Al 2(Si 6 O 18) Chromite: Fe. Cr 2 O 4 Cryolite: Na 3 Al. F 6 Apatite: Ca 5(F, Cl, OH)(PO 4)3 Silver: Ag Talc: Mg 3(Si 4 O 10)(OH)2 Corundum: Al 2 O 3 Halite: Na. Cl Copper: Cu Orthoclase: KAl. Si 3 O 8 Hematite: Fe 2 O 3 Fluorite: Ca. F 2 Sulfur: S Muscovite: KAl 2(Al. Si 3 O 10)(OH)2 Magnetite: Fe 3 O 4 Sylvite: KCl Quartz: Si. O 2 Ilmenite: Fe. Ti. O 3 Kaolinite: Al 4(Si 4 O 10)(OH)8 Rutile: Ti. O 2 Carbonates Sulfides Nitrates Calcite: Ca. CO 3 Gypsum: Ca. SO 4. 2 H 2 O Galena: Pb. S Niter: KNO 3 Dolomite: Ca. Mg(CO 3)2 Barite: Ba. SO 4 Sphalerite: Zn. S Siderite: Fe. CO 3 Anhydrite: Ca. SO 4 Pyrite: Fe. S 2 Malachite: Cu 2 CO 3(OH)2 Epsomite: Mg. SO 4. 7 H 2 O Bornite: Cu 5 Fe. S 4 Turquoise: Cu. Al 6(PO 4)4(OH)8. 2 H 2 O Lazulite: Mg. Al 2(OH)2(PO 4)2
Directions on how to print the next slide for classroom use: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Follow these steps to print a copy of the mineral labels used by students in this activity. Duplicate the sheet and cut along the lines. Select “Print Preview” option on print menu. Select “slides” on Print What menu. Select “Print” on print menu. Choose page 17 to print and on the Options menu choose “black and white”.
Native Elements Gold: Au Silver: Ag Copper: Cu Silicates Beryl: Be 3 Al 2(Si 6 O 18) Muscovite: KAl 2(Al. Si 3 O 10)(OH)2 Talc: Mg 3(Si 4 O 10)(OH)2 Oxides Corundum: Al 2 O 3 Hematite: Fe 2 O 3 Magnetite: Fe 3 O 4 Carbonates Calcite: Ca. CO 3 Dolomite: Ca. Mg(CO 3)2 Halides Halite: Na. Cl Fluorite: Ca. F 2 Sylvite: KCl Sulfates Barite: Ba. SO 4 Gypsum: Ca. SO 4. 2 H 2 O Anhydrite: Ca. SO 4 Sulfides Galena: Pb. S Sphalerite: Zn. S Pyrite: Fe. S 2 Nitrates Niter: KNO 3 Phosphates Apatite: Ca 5(F, Cl, OH)(PO 4)3 Turquoise: Cu. Al 6(PO 4)4(OH)8. 2 H 2 O Lazulite: Mg. Al 2(OH)2(PO 4)2 Sulfur: S Quartz: Si. O 2 Orthoclase: KAl. Si 3 O 8 Kaolinite: Al 4(Si 4 O 10)(OH)8 Ilmenite: Fe. Ti. O 3 Rutile: Ti. O 2 Chromite: Fe. Cr 2 O 4 Cryolite: Na 3 Al. F 6 Epsomite: Mg. SO 4. 7 H 2 O Bornite: Cu 5 Fe. S 4 Siderite: Fe. CO 3 Malachite: Cu 2 CO 3(OH)2
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