Mineral Chemistry An atom is the smallest particle

Mineral Chemistry

• An atom is the smallest particle of matter that contains the characteristics of an element. • Atoms contain subatomic particles: – Protons: Positively charged, found in the nucleus – Electrons: Negatively charged, found in the outside the nucleus. – Neutrons: No charge, found in the nucleus. • Atomic number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. • Atomic Mass: Number of protons + neutrons

The Periodic Table (Pages 142 & 143 of your book) Atomic Number Element Name 47 Ag Silver 107. 8682 Element Symbol Mass Number or Atomic Mass

8 Most Common Mineral-Forming Elements 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. O - Oxygen Si - Silicon Al - Aluminum Fe - Iron Ca - Calcium Na - Sodium K - Potassium Mg – Magnesium

Use Periodic Table to fill-in table Element # protons # neutrons Silicon Potassium 26 13 # electrons

Element # protons # neutrons # electrons 14 14 14 19 20 19 Iron 26 30 26 Aluminum 13 14 13 Silicon Potassium

HOMEWORK • Do Objective 10. 10 – Use your periodic table and book (p. 139 -144) for Help

ionic bonding Bond in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Na. Cl Al 2 O 3 Corundum (see notes)

Ionic Bond

Bonding forms Minerals Ions ---- Molecules ---- Minerals ---- Rocks

ION • An ion is an atom or molecule which has lost or gained one or more electrons, giving it a positive or negative electrical charge.

When a group of ions or molecules form a solid structure, called a lattice, a mineral compound may form.