MIGRATIONS EXCHANGED That is a migration which gets

MIGRATIONS

EXCHANGED: That is a migration which gets on an agreement. For example; After Kurtuluş War (Independence War of Turkey) and according to Lozan Agreement there were a changing with Greeks who live in Turkey and with Turks who live in Greece. And also the same changing had become with Romania and Bulgaria.

---These agreement didn’t include Turkish people who live in Istanbul and West Trakya. ---With these agreement 400. 000 Turkısh people came to Turkey from Greece. And in contrast 150. 000 Greek people went to Greece from Turkey. ---This migration didn’t become with volunteer people, this was obligatory.

BRAIN MIGRATION: Some people who are clever, help to improve technology talently, migrate to another country for working, to improve their economy and to have better qualifications. This is called Brain Migration.

Brain migration is to go abroad for being able to have a good working area. It generally gets in underdeveloped or devoloping countries. Underdeveloped or devoloping countries’ qualified people go to industrialized countries. For example; German scientists went to the USA during the World War II.

It is the biggest lost for the emigrated countries. Especially brain migration started to increase after 1960 s. Migration of qualified people like doctors, engineers, economists, artists is a big problem in our country, as well.

Mostly Emigrated Countries: India, Pakistan, China, Philippines, Algeria, Morocco, Tunissia, Iran, Nigeria, Mostly Immigrated Countries: U. S. A. , Canada, Australia, Republic of South Africa, Germany, France, Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, etc. Some countries can be both emigrated and immigrated at the same time. We can give Canada and Turkey as an example. In Europe there a lot of Turkish specialists and that is a big lost for our country, as well. A few qualified people have come to Turkey from Central Asia recently.

REASONS OF BRAIN MIGRATION: 1. Higher paid by the industrialized countries 2. Taking advantages from technology and getting good working conditions. 3. Qualified people who migrate to industrialized countries, can not find better jobs in their own countries.

RESULTS OF BRAIN MIGRATION: The difference in development increases in both developing and developed countries. Emigrated countries lose their qualified people. Immigrated countries have a good labour force without any struggle.

LABOR MIGRATION: ► If there is a migration because of unemployment, this is a labor migration. It generally occurs especially in the countries whose economy is developing. Labor migration can be short-term or seasonal. For example; in summer cotton pickers go to Çukurova –an important land for agriculture- for getting cotton, so it is seasonal labor migration.

LABOR MIGRATION After World War II. To rebuild Europe’s economy in 1952 -1954, Germany, France, Belgium, Austria, Netherlands started development movements and as a result of this movement, there weren’t enough labor so to get rid of this problem they had to want labor from other countries.

Especially developing countries didn’t want to take people who is not qualified. They started to take qualified people so it causes the brain migration. Turkey is an emigrated country. In our country labor migration started to show itselfs after 1960 s. In this years labor migration became to Europe, especially through the Western European part.

There were a lot of workers to Germany, France, Netherlands, Austria, Switzerland, Denmark, England Sweden between the years of 1958 -1986. And now the total Turkish workers are 1, 3 milion. After 1980 there were numerical changes about the people who migrated. Since West Europe gave up taking workers, migration’s direction changed into Suudi Arabia, Libya, Kuwait etc. for construction services.

Turkish workers in abroad have big contribution to our country’s economy. Sending their money that was saved from their work, so it is important foreign currency.

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