MIGRATION Chapter 3 What Is Migration Movement Cyclic
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MIGRATION Chapter 3
What Is Migration? • Movement – Cyclic movement: Movement away from home for a short period • Commuting • Seasonal movement • Nomadism – Periodic movement: Movement away from home for a longer period. • Migrant labor • Transhumance • Military service • Migration: A change in residence intended to be permanent
International migration: Movement across country borders (implying a degree of permanence)
Internal migration: Movement within a single country’s borders (implying a degree of permanence) African American migration in the early 20 th Century
Internal Migration:
Why Do People Migrate? • Forced migration: Movers have no choice but to relocate
Kinds of Voluntary Migration • Step migration: When a migrant follows a series of stages, or steps, toward a final destination. Intervening opportunity : At one of the steps along the path, pull factors encourage the migrant to settle there • Chain migration: Further migration to a place where friends or relatives have already settled
Voluntary Migration • Migrants weigh push and pull factors to decide – Whether to move – Where to go • Distance decay: Many migrants settle closer to their old home than they originally contemplate
Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration 1. Every migration flow generates a return or countermigration. 2. The majority of migrations move a short distance. 3. Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big-city destinations. 4. Urban residents are less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas. 5. Families are less likely to make international moves than young adults.
Ravenstein’s Gravity Model • Predicts interaction between places based on the basis of their population size and distance between them • Multiplication of populations divided by the distance between them equals the expected migration P 1 X P 2 = Expected Migration Distance
Push and Pull Factors • • Legal status Economic conditions Power relationships Political circumstances Armed conflict and civil war Environmental conditions Culture and traditions Technological advances
Where Do People Migrate? • Influences on major global migration flows from 1550– 1950 – Exploration – Colonization – The Atlantic slave trade • Impacts – Places migrants leave – Places to which migrants go
Major Global Migration Flows (before 1950)
Regional Migration Flows Migration to neighboring countries · For short term economic opportunities · To reconnect with cultural groups across borders · To flee political conflict or war Islands of development: Places where foreign investment, jobs, and infrastructure are concentrated
Migration for Economic Opportunity Chinese migration in late 1800 s and 1900 s throughout Southeast Asia to work in trade, commerce, and finance
Migration to Reconnect with Cultural Groups • Migration of about 700, 000 Jews to then. Palestine between 1900 and 1948 • Forced migration of 600, 000 Palestinian Arabs after 1948, when the land was divided into two states (Israel and Palestine)
Internal Migration Flows
Guest Workers Migrants allowed into a country to fill a labor need, assuming the workers will go “home” once the labor need subsides · Have short term work visas · Send remittances to home country
Refugees People who flee across an international boundary because of a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion
Regions of Dislocation • • • Subsaharan Africa North Africa and Southwest Asia Southeast Asia Europe
How Do Governments Affect Migration? • Immigration laws • U. S. history – Little restriction – Quotas by nationality – Selective immigration
Post–September 11 • New government policies affect asylum-seekers, illegal immigrants, and legal immigrants. • 9/11 Commission Report was released in 2004.
- Cylic movement
- Cyclic migration definition
- Two examples of cyclic movement
- California emigration
- Cyclic movement examples
- Non movement area
- What are the example of axial movement
- Cyclic pitch vs collective pitch
- Explain cyclical menu
- Non cyclic refrigeration
- Cyclic process thermodynamics
- Define cyclic co-ordinate
- Conservation theorem and symmetry properties
- Cyclic dac
- Cyclic group properties
- Cyclic electron flow
- Cyclic executive and bin packing
- Anodic peak current
- Cyclic codes
- Communication is a cyclic process
- Properties of cyclic groups
- Cyclic shift register
- Cyclic codes
- Cyclic codes
- Block cyclic distribution