Middle Colonies Geography Economy New York New Jersey

Middle Colonies Geography Economy New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware

What jobs were most important for colonists in New England? Why? New England’s economy was dependant on jobs that used the resources of the Atlantic Ocean. Both land weather were ill-equipped for farming.

Middle Colonies • Consisted of: – – New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware • Geographically: – Larger colonies than New England – Warmer climate How will longer growing seasons affect farming in the Middle Colonies The longer growing seasons make farming easier

Geography of Middle Colonies How does the land of Middle Colonies compare to New England? The terrain is not as hilly and rocky as New England How will this affect the jobs people in the Middle Colonies have? Farming will dominate this area It will become known as the “Bread Basket” in the Colonies

Economy in Middle Colonies The success of farmers in the Middle Colonies allowed for a surplus of food. What does having a surplus allow a population to do? • Not everybody has to be involved in food production which allows for a more diversified work force. • Manufacturing will emerge in these colonies – European manufacturing is much more advanced because American manufacturing is not very well developed…. . yet.

• Middle Colonies also have the 2 largest cities in the British Colonies New York and Philadelphia Why is this going to be the case? Why would they be good locations? Both cities are located on major rivers (Hudson, and Delaware)

Mercantilism Why did colonies exist? How did this lead to power for the home nation? Colonies= Power = = =

New York • Not only are the Spanish, French, and English trying to colonize parts of North America, the Dutch are also claiming land. – Primarily land centered around the Hudson River – With their capital located at New Amsterdam (already a wellestablished trade center). • Purchased Manhattan Island from the natives – $24 worth of trade goods for an island that is worth $8 Trillion today!

New York • The Dutch surrendered to England with very little resistance. New Amsterdam New York – King Charles II sent the Duke of York to New Netherlands and claimed the land for the British How will the name of New Amsterdam change? New Amsterdam becomes New York!

New York and New Jersey • King Charles II granted New York as a Proprietary Colony to the his brother, the Duke of York. – Proprietary Colony: a colony granted to an individual to run as they saw proper • James, the Duke of York, felt the need to divide colony because of its size and created a new colony, New Jersey

New Jersey • The Duke of York gave a chunk of land to two of his friends to become the proprietors of New Jersey: – Sir George Carteret (from the Island of Jersey) – Lord John Berkeley (his brother is governor of Virginia) Lord John Berkeley Sir George Carteret

New Jersey • King Charles II bought out the proprietors and united the two Jerseys • The colony is now a royal colony – King collected taxes and rent – Continued to allow colonists to make their own laws through an elected assembly

William Penn’s “Holy Experiment” What examples of religious dissidents have we already discussed in North America? Pilgrims and Puritans! • Another group that disagreed with the Church of England was the Quakers – Pacifists – Everyone is equal • • • No need for ministers Equality for women No slavery – Refused to pay England’s taxes • Provided no funds to the Church of England or army/navy How do you think the Quakers will be treated in England?

William Penn’s “Holy Experiment” • In order to avoid persecution, William Penn a wealthy Quaker and close friend of the King, wanted to create a safe haven for Quakers and other religious groups – Granted permission for a proprietary colony called “Penn’s Woods” • Pennsylvania! – As big as all of England!

William Penn’s “Holy Experiment” Based on Penn’s beliefs, how is Pennsylvania going to compare/ contrast with Puritan Massachusetts? The “Holy Experiment” is going to open settlement to people from all faiths and nationalities in Europe – Printed brochures in various languages to attract colonists – Establish capital at “City of Brotherly Love” How does this “Holy Experiment” compare to the “City on a Hill”?

Delaware • Name was taken from Lord De la Warr, an Englishman who entered the Delaware bay in 1610 • In 1638, Delaware became known as NEW SWEDEN, but was eventually taken over by the British. • In 1682, William Penn obtained “Delaware. ” but gave that colony permission govern Lord De la

SUMMARY What will happen to the Middle Colonies between colonization and the Revolutionary War? Diversity and Prosperity!!! • Population: English, Dutch, Swedish, German, African and many other nationalities • Manufacturing: Iron, Paper and Grain (Flour) • Artisans and Craftsmen: Coopers, Shoemakers, Carpenters, Masons,