Middle Ages Review Early Middle Ages ReviewDefine the

Middle Ages Review

Early Middle Ages Review-Define the following terms and explain their long term impact • Charlemagne • First HRE, helped to unify the French and German lands after the fall of Rome • Helped to expand Christianity, created a model for ruling European monarchs • Feudalism /Manor System • Economic system where land=power and land was exchanged for loyalty • Manor estate in which serfs work • Excommunication • Kicked out of the church

Early Middle Ages Review-Define the following terms and explain their long term impact • Interdiction • Kings subject denied sacraments • Lay investiture • King chooses Bishops, Pope wants to choose the Bishops and bans practice in 1076 • Concordat of Worms(Compromise in Worms) pope appoints bishops, emperor can veto appointment, “Ended” century long struggle for power • Role of the Church…. Church v Monarchs(who has the power) • Stabilizing force within Europe, Church has power early…Kings have power late

What was the characteristics of the High. Late Middle Ages? • Power shift church to monarch/nobility • Creation of more organized governments • Growth of cities

Who was William of Normandy? Why was he significant? Accomplishments? • First King of England, helped to unify England • Created an organized government • Doomsday Book census • Cultural diffusion Norman-Anglo Saxon culture

Who were King Henry II/King John? Why were they significant? Accomplishments? • King Henry II • Broadened justice system • Created common law and established juries • King John • Weak, cruel and ineffective ruler • Excommunicated • Forced to sign the Magna Carta-weakens royal power

Who was Hugh Capet? Why was he significant? Accomplishments? • First King of France • Created an effective bureaucracy • Family ruled for over 300 years-followed by effective kings • Centralized government

Explain the significance of Magna Carta. • Limited royal power- improved the standing • Monarch is not above the law- RULE OF LAW • FIRST WRITTEN CONSTITUTION IN EUROPEAN HISTORY

What were the causes of the Crusades? • Christians wanted to take back the Holy Lands • Byzantine Empire felt threatened

What was the goal of the Crusades? • Take back the Holy Lands Christian perspective

What was the result of the Crusades(Overall)? • Muslim army retains Holy Lands • Massive defeat for Christianity/faith in the church

Explain the Reconquista/Inquisition. • Re-conquering of Spain, kick out all non-Christians • Leads to a century of Spanish dominance • Age of Exploration

Why did the Crusades fail? • After the 1 st attempt, each attempt was weaker with less emphasis on winning • People soon became about making money and getting goods • Stealing from Byzantine and Islamic cities

Describe the Effects of the Crusades/Successes of the Crusades. • Increased trading between East and West*** • Showed power of Church • Lead to the Commercial Revolution-Increased trading helped business flourish and the merchant class grew • Muslim bitterness and hatred toward Christians • Constantinople (Istanbul) eventually falls to Turks

What was the causes of the Plague? • Rats and fleas following trading routes

Explain the short and long term effects of the Plague in Europe/around the world. • Production declines Increased wages, peasants move to cities • Economy falters-Inflation - rapid rise in prices • Normal life breaks down-People flee, Christians blame Jews • Contributed to the end of Medieval Europe

Explain the causes and effects of the 100 Years War on BOTH England France. • Causes • Land claims • Economic rivalry within Europe • Nationalism • Effects • England loss leads to turning elsewhere for trade(Age of Exp. ), parliament grows in power and the king is further weakened • France win leads to the monarch growing in power, gaining land increase in nationalism

Who was Joan of Arc? Why was she significant? Accomplishments? • Peasant GIRL who rallies French troops and wins key battles for Charles VII • Captured and killed by England, claims that she is a witch-seen as a martyr