Micropropagation Tissue Culture Micropropagation Ability to establish and
Micro-propagation Tissue Culture
Micro-propagation • Ability to establish and maintain Plant organs & Plant tissues • Done in aseptic culture • Regenerate new plants
Micro-propagation (Tissue Culture) • This is a technique of producing new plant from single cells, tissue, or small pieces of vegetative material (explants). • The tissue obtained (mature or immature) is cultured in an artificial medium under sterile condition (invitro).
Stages • First changes into a mass of undifferentiated cells called callus • From the callus differentiation into shoot and roots or embryos may later occur. • The technique can be used in both herbaceous and woody plants.
Basic Techniques • Callus culture – mass of undifferentiated cells that can be induced or arise naturally as a result of wounding and growth substances • Organ culture – the dedifferentiation of the parenchyma cells to produce centers of meristematic activity. • Cell suspension culture – the disassociation of cells from each other on a liquid medium.
Facilities Required • Preparation Area • Transfer Area • Growing Area • Service Area
Methods involved • Choosing a suitable explants • Surface sterilization of the plant material • Preparation of the stock solution –salts, growth regulators etc. • Culturing • Sub-culturing • Removing plants from culture and place into suitable rooting medium
Developmental stages in micropropagation • • Stage I - Establishment Stage II – Multiplication Stage III – Root Formation Stage IV - Acclimatization
Flow Diagram
Advantages of Plant Tissue Culture • Useful for rapid asexual multiplication of plants eg. Dracenas, carnations, orchids, ferns etc. • Produce large quantities of a given variety/clone • Produce plants which are slow and difficult to propagate • Produce the ability to recover disease free material eg. From viruses.
Disadvantages • Is costly • Time consuming and difficult compared to other methods of plant propagation • Require technical expertise or trained individual
Simple Micropropagation
Callus - dedifferentiate
Differentiation of callus tissue
Tissues on growth medium
Meristematic dome of a Plant
Important Terminologies • Callus – an unorganized, proliferating mass of mostly undifferentiated cells • Culture- a plant growing invitro • Cell culture – culture of single cells • Explant – part of a plant used to start a culture. • Clones – plants produced asexually from a single plant.
Terminologies • Growth regulator – organic compounds that influence growth and multiplication, such as cytokinins and auxins • Invitro • Exvitro • Invivo • Laminar air flow • HEPA • Growth room
Class Assignment • List and explain the use of nine (9) equipment used in Tissue Culture. • In order to develop a viable Tissue Culture unit which is successful. Four areas are required, name then and explain what happens in each area.
References • Acquaah, G. (2009). Horticulture: principles and practices 4 th ed. • http: //www. uky. edu/Ag/Horticulture/Genev e/teaching/plantpropwebpages/micropropa gation/tctypesmicropropagation. pdf
THE END Courtesy: M. Gager, CASE
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