Microbiology and Biotechnology Microbiology Aims 1 Investigate the

Microbiology and Biotechnology

Microbiology Aims 1. Investigate the presence of microorganisms in air and soil 2. List three common illnesses caused by viruses and three caused by bacteria

What is a micro-organism? An organism which is very small. Examples of micro-organisms: • Bacteria – e. g. E. coli, Samonella • Virus - e. g. flu virus, HIV • Fungi

click on the image to find out…

Bacteria • • A single cell organism Multiply quickly Helpful in Antibiotics and Decay Not so good as they Spoil food, cause tooth decay and diseases

Each cell divides to give two/four/eight…. . click on the title to see…

Micro-organisms need: • Food • Correct temperature • Suitable medium on which to grow… Bacteria grow quickly between 300 C and 400 C

Micro-organisms can be easily seen growing in colonies if a clear medium is used e. g. agar jelly gelatin http: //www. sciencehound. com/science_project_community/node/5333

Colonies of bacteria are seen as ‘blobs’ on the surface of the medium…

Different soils contain different bacteria http: //www. ceh. ac. uk/sections/epfs/Soilqualityandbiologicalindicators. htm

ANTIBIOTICS… these are chemical made by some microorganisms to kill bacteria. Penicillin is produced by the fungus we call ‘blue mould’ • Penicillin was ‘discovered’ in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming • White blood cells do the same job.

Virus • They are parasites that attack cells • They multiply inside our cells and then burst out killing the cell

This image is of a bird flu virus BIRD FLU VIRUS… an epidemic of flu began spreading through the worlds bird population in 2005. http: //www. influenza-pandemic. com/page 1. html

This is one way a virus can spread. Are there others? http: //library. thinkquest. org/26467/enviromental_health. htm

Which are caused by bacteria and which by virus? cold food poisoning meningitis flu bronchitis AIDS septic throat click here to check your answers

BACTERIAL VIRAL food poisoning cold septic throat flu bronchitis AIDS meningitis can be caused by either

YOUR TASK: find out which micro-organism causes the following: ulcers warts spots verucca pneumonia rabies TB

Fungi • Not all are small • No chlorophyll so live on organic matter. • Yeast and producing antibiotics the main uses • Also athlete’s foot and other poisons

Biotechnology is the use of living things to make useful products Some uses of biotechnology in… Industry Medicine Yeast in alcohol production Fungi in antibiotic production Yeast in bread production Bacteria in vaccinations Bacteria in yogurt production Enzymes in contact lens cleaners Do you know more uses?

H/W • P 119 • Q 13. 1 to 13. 4