Michigan Biosolids Seminar February 21 2008 News From

Michigan Biosolids Seminar February 21, 2008 News From The Field

Biosolids Management in Michigan • Tonnage & Fees • Liquid Application • Cake Application • Mine Reclamation • Forest Application • Class A • Michigan Biosolids Team Regulatory Affairs Activities • Research Projects

Year Landfilled % Incinerated % Land Applied % Total 1997 No Data N/A 85, 525 N/A 1998 No Data N/A 84, 712 N/A 1999 No Data N/A 77, 405 N/A 2000 116, 976 36% 121, 497 38% 83, 139 26% 309, 877 2001 96, 589 30% 138, 711 44% 82, 755 26% 318, 055 2002 152, 445 39% 140, 455 36% 94, 394 24% 387, 608 2003 153, 504 42% 127, 840 35% 81, 048 22% 362, 392 2004 109, 335 29% 175, 871 47% 88, 312 24% 373, 538 2005 176, 995 43% 147, 673 36% 88, 616 21% 413, 241 2006 122, 681 35% 135, 916 39% 93, 151 26% 342, 094 2007 95, 182 28% 152, 542 46% 87, 324 26% 335, 048

MDEQ Biosolids Land Application Fees FY Yr Expenses FTE Dry Tons Fee Notes 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Act 129 Passed N/A N/A N/A $519, 839 $515, 248 $621, 161 $676, 275 $621, 974 $619, 182 N/A N/A N/A 5. 51 5. 21 7. 16 7. 12 5. 42 5. 9 85, 525 84, 712 77, 405 83, 139 82, 755 94, 394 81, 048 88, 312 88, 616 93, 151 87, 324 N/A 4. 00 6. 57 5. 72 5. 61 5. 79 5. 31 4. 99 5. 07 7. 10 7. 44 $34, 263 Admin $36, 300 Admin $38, 700 Admin $23, 977 Admin

Wastewater Treatment Facilities • 186 facilities • 7, 324 dry tons • 92% of land applied biosolids

Wastewater Stabilization Lagoons • 10 WWSL facilities • 6691 Dry Tons • 8% of land applied biosolids

Subsurface Injection • 84, 291 dry tons • 97% of biosolids produced are liquid applied

Surface Application • 500 dry tons • <1% of biosolids produced are surface applied • 38% Volatile Reduction

Cake Surface Application • 2, 533 dry tons • 3% of biosolids produced are cake applied

Incorporation • Achieve vector attraction • Maximize nitrogen value • Minimize potential public relations issues

Field Storage

Genesee County - Linden • 1171 dry tons/yr • 30% Cake • 6% liquid

Genesee County - ATRP • 8, 239 Dry Tons/Yr • 7% Total Solids • 10, 000 Wt Cake

Cost Comparison Landfilling vs Land Application • ll • jj $200 -300/dry ton $150 -250/dry ton

CLASS A BIOSOLIDS

CITY OF KALAMAZOO • • 4 – 2 Meter Belt Filter Presses 120 dt/day Class A RDP process for pasteurization Lime addition to raise p. H to 12. 0 & temperature to 158 o F 30 Minute Retention time Kalamazoo Class A Product 3, 785 Dry tons applied in 2006 424 dry tons applied in 2007

DELTA TOWNSHIP • • • 764 Dry Tons/Yr Anaerobic digestion (94 degrees F) Ferric & lime conditioning 45% TS cake 503. 32 Class A – Alternative 3 • Fecal • Helmenthova • Enteric Viruses • Surface applied with field Gymmy • Incorporated w/in 48 hours • Fertilizing radish fields

City of Cadillac • Using mesophyllic anaerobic digestion • Achieves Class A designation • Fecal • Helmenthova • Enteric Viruses 327 dt/yr liquid injected

City of Midland

Midland Composted Biosolids 2006 • Organic Matter: 50% • p. H 6. 8 • C: N 13: 1 • Soluble Salts: 3. 3 • Total N: 1. 7% • Phosphorous P: 1. 7% • Potassium K: 0. 4% • l • Calcium Ca: 3. 7% • Bulk Density: 1000 lb/ cu. yd

Big Fish - Charlevoix Exceptional Quality Class ‘A’ Biosolids Total Solids (dry) 41. 20% Total Organic Nitrogen 24. 0 lbs per ton Plant Available Nitrogen 12. 0 lbs per ton Ammonia 0. 026 # per ton Fecal Coliform < 100 gram of total solids/dry wt. Salmonella < 3 per 4 grams of total solids/dry wt. p. H 7. 0

Three Rivers • • • Centrifuge produces 26% dewatered cake Thermal Dryer produces 90% Total Solids Class A/EQ product 472 dt/yr processed Autothermal Thermophyllic Aerobic Digestion (ATAD) Pressurized jet aeration system to maximize oxygen transfer Aerobic reactions heat biosolids to 58 -63 o C 10 -15 day SRT Required 1 -9 hr detention time required for pathogen kill 46 -55% VS Reduction Produces Class A/EQ Pasteurized product

Grand Valley Regional Biosolids Authority GR produces 16000 dt/yr Wyoming produces 8000 dt/yr

Michigan Biosolids Team Activities

February 26, 2007 April 11, 2007 June 20, 2007 June 28, 2007

Gerber Foods - Fremont • Raw animal manure may be applied & incorporated minimum of 6 months before harvest • “Completely” composted animal manure may be applied a minimum of 120 days before harvest • Biosolids may be applied not less than 36 months from application to harvest & must comply with 503 & state regulations

Bio-diesel • July 2006 Governor Granholm signed bills w/ $200 M incentives for increase production & use of renewable fuels • European biodiesel uses canola • US biodiesel uses soybean • Soybean

Crop Production Statistics Crop Type Crop Year 1000 Acres Planted 1000 Acres Harvested Yield Bushel/Acre Production 1000 Acres Price Per Bushel Dollar Value of Production Soybeans 2005 2000 1990 38. 5 76615 $5. 73 $439, 004, 000 Soybeans 2006 2000 1990 45 89550 $6. 27 $546, 255, 000 Soybeans 2007 1750 1740 39 67860 $10. 40 (1) $705, 744, 000 Soybeans 2008 $9. 60 (1) Commodity Market Outlook, Michigan State University, Jim Hilker – National data Source: National Agricultural Statistics Service/Michigan Department of Agriculture

Ethanol • Currently five facilities in Michigan producing ethanol • Use starch or sugar based products – Potatoes – wheat – sorghum – Corn • Corn has been go to source due to its abundance & cost

Crop Production Statistics Crop Type Crop Year 1000 Acres Planted 1000 Acres Harvested Yield Bushel/Acre Production 1000 Acres Price Per Bushel Dollar Value of Production Corn 2005 2250 2010 143 287430 $1. 88 $540, 368, 000 Corn 2006 2200 1960 147 288120 $3. 10 $921, 984, 000 Corn 2007 2650 2350 124 291400 $4. 00 (1) $1, 165, 600, 000 Corn 2008 Crop Type Crop Year 4. 40(1) 1000 Acres Planted 1000 Acres Harvested Yield Bushel/Acre Production 1000 Acres Price Per Bushel Dollar Value of Production Wheat 2005 600 590 66 38940 $3. 13 $121, 882 Wheat 2006 660 650 73 47450 $3. 41 $161, 330 Wheat 2007 560 540 65 35100 $5. 30 (2) $186, 030, 000 Wheat 2008 $5. 60 (2) (1) Commodity Market Outlook, Michigan State University, Jim Hilker – National data (2) Commodity Market Outlook, Michigan State University. Jim Hilker – Michigan data Source: National Agricultural Statistics Service/Michigan Department of Agriculture

• Q. When we are land applying biosolids for more than 2 days in a row, why are we required to collect daily biosolids samples for percent total solids even though we have a percent total solids value on the sample we analyzed for metals? • A. When the land application period lasts for more than 2 consecutive days, the DEQ has found that the percent solids analysis provided on the analytical report for metals and nutrients is often not representative of the percent total solids of biosolids actually land applied. Because R 323. 2406(1) requires that a person collect and analyze representative samples, the DEQ typically does require daily percent total solids analysis, unless information can be provided demonstrating that the initial data is representative (i. e. , mechanical plant with good mixing). The daily percent solids results should be utilized when calculating daily application rates and reporting dry tons land applied. • A related issue regarding lagoon cleaning projects is that the composite samples collected for the RMP approval often overestimate the concentration of available nutrients and underestimate the total percent solids of the biosolids being applied to land after a few days of cleaning operations inside the lagoon. This phenomenon is likely due to the mixing of the biosolids with the clay particles from upper portions of clay liners disrupted from equipment working inside the lagoon. To address this situation and provide the most representative data possible (in addition to the sampling for metals, nutrients, and fecal coliform prior to beginning the project), the DEQ have begun requiring the sample plan in the lagoon RMP to include a commitment to analyze a minimum of 2 additional composite samples for available nutrients in addition to the daily percent solids collected during the course of the lagoon cleaning. This data should then be used in reporting dry tons and nutrients land applied. • For more clarification on this requirement, please contact your District DEQ Biosolids Specialist.

Research Projects

WERF Biosolids Research Projects • Evaluation of Processes to Reduce Activated Sludge Solids Generation • Examination of Reactivation & Regrowth of Fecal Coliforms in Centrifuge Dewatered, Anaerobically Digested Sludges • Optimization of Wastewater & Solids Operations • Eliminate or Reduce Odors Associated with Biosolids • Evaluating & Communicating Whether Human Health is at Risk from Land Applied Biosolids

Land Application of Biosolids & Pathogen Risk Assessment • Risk Assessment model will be developed at Drexel University • University of Arizona will contribute existing data • Two (2) Michigan sites will be sampled by Michigan State University – Treated biosolids prior to land application – Groundwater & surface runoff (drain tiles) at the application site – Sample aerosols with automatic samplers

MSU NSF RESEARCH PROPOSAL • Research on viruses from animal manure & biosolids that are land applied • Evaluate the movement of those viruses through groundwater • Compare aerobic & anaerobic biosolids using lysimeter

Upper Penninsula Public Relations Team • 18 communities land apply • 2 communities landfill • 3 communities apply out of MI • U. P averages 1900 tons/year

U. P. Upgrades • Gladstone Ø new 500, 000 gallon storage tank Ø purchased property forest application • Escanaba - Continues their excellent forest application program • Menominee is in the process of bidding out for additional storage • Lanse, Norway, Newberry, Portage Lake have self application programs • Ironwood and Iron Mountain apply to the Packer land

Marquette WWTP Upgrade Marquette is in the process of a $16, 000 plant upgrade project • • SRF Funding Ø Replacing RBC technology with an activated sludge process Ø SCADA, Ø Thickening, Ø Digester rehab, Ø Chemical system, Ø Bio-P capabilities • Completion October 27, 2008 (12: 00 p. m. )

Kevin Chandler, Vice President Biotech Agronomics kchandler@biotechag. com 231 -325 -5011 616 -821 -5850 cell