Michelangelo Buonarroti 1475 1564 Italian Renaissance Sculptor Painter

Michelangelo Buonarroti 1475 -1564 Italian Renaissance ◦ ◦ ◦ Sculptor Painter Architect Poet Engineer Exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art Considered a contender for the archetypal Renaissance Man (in a battle with da Vinci!)

Il Divino Two of his best-known works, the Pietà and David, were sculpted before he turned thirty. Despite his low opinion of painting, Michelangelo also created two of the most influential works in fresco in the history of Western art: ◦ The scenes from Genesis on the ceiling ◦ The Last Judgment on the altar wall (both in the Sistine Chapel in Rome) In a demonstration of Michelangelo's unique standing, he was the first Western artist whose biography was published while he was alive. In his lifetime he was also often called Il Divino ("the divine one").

Schooling At thirteen, Michelangelo was apprenticed to the painter Domenico Ghirlandaio. ◦ When Michelangelo was only fourteen, his father persuaded Ghirlandaio to pay his apprentice as an artist, which was highly unusual at the time. When in 1489 Lorenzo de' Medici asked Ghirlandaio for his two best pupils, Ghirlandaio sent Michelangelo and Francesco Granacci. ◦ From 1490 to 1492, Michelangelo attended the Humanist academy which the Medici had founded along Neo Platonic lines. ◦ Michelangelo studied sculpture under Bertoldo di Giovanni.

• Michelangelo was 24 years old when he sculpted this • Christ is lifesized • Mary would be 7’ tall if she were to stand up • Paradoxes: Jesus’ veins course with life • Mary’s face is young • Sister Wendy – Disc 3, “Rome” – 6: 25 Pietá 1498 -1499 Location: St. Peter’s basilica, Vatican City Marble (It is the only piece Michelangelo signed. )

David 1501 -1504 17’ tall, marble • Symbol of Florence’s resistance and independence • Celebration of the human form on a grandiose proportion. • “As David defended his people and governed with justice, so should [Florence] be defended with courage and governed with justice” - Vasari

Michelangelo was 26 when he produced this. The statue was originally supposed to be placed on the roof of the Florence Cathedral, but it was eventually decided that it would stand next to the entrance to the Palazzo Vecchio. Moving David upright from the shed in which Michelangelo carved it to the Piazza took 40 men, 4 days, beams and ropes, and 14 rollers beneath it. This piece sealed his fame: he was incontestably the greatest sculptor in Italy.

Tomb of Pope Julius II 15051545 Rachel, Moses, and Leah 50’ tall Rachel (left) represents the contemplati ve life – hands in prayer. Leah (right) represents the active life – looking into mirror to actively contemplate her own life.

Laocoon Group Discovered in Rome in 1506 – Michelangelo watched it as it was unearthed

Moses (Detail from the tomb of Pope Julius II) 1513 -16 Over twice life-size “horns” are a translation error – “rays of light” – when Moses radiated light after speaking with God

Dying Slave Rebellious Slave • The “slaves” probably symbolize the human soul imprisoned in the brute matter of the body, according to the Neo-Platonic doctrine. • These were unfinished figures intended for the Tomb of Julius II and are now located in the Louvre.

The Doni Tondo 1504 Tempera on wood 47 1/4” The Holy Family, Painted for Angelo Doni Triangular shape – colors separate and isolate poses Background/ledge

Detail from. . . The Doni Tondo

RENAISSANCE POPES OF THE 16 TH CENTURY • Julius II (1503 -1513) – Patron of Raphael and Michelangelo • Leo X (1513 -1521) – Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent; Patronized Michelangelo. Excommunicated Martin Luther. • Hadrian VI (1522 -1523) – ferocious reformer • Clement VII (1523 -1534) – Commissioned the Medici tombs in Florence; Excommunicated Henry VIII; commissioned The Last Judgment • Paul III (1534 -1549) – Commissioned Michelangelo to build the Farnese Palace in Rome. Council of Trent in 1545 first met. • Julius III (1550 -1555) – Jusiuts in 1550; Appointed Michelangelo as chief architect of St. Peter’s.

• Pope Julius II • “The Warrior Pope” • Responsible for re-building St. Peters and other commissions in the Vatican • Removed all traces of the Borgia (Alexander VI) from the Vatican

• • Julius II’s choice to redesign and oversee construction of St. Peters Became bitter enemy of Michelangelo, who reported Bramante’s cheap materials, shoddy workmanship, and poor planning to Julius. • Distant relative of Raphael; responsible for earning the young artist an enormous commission in Julius’ library Donato Bramante, Architect

Exterior of the Sistine Chapel 1475 -83

Sistine Chapel Ceiling fresco 1508 -1512 128’x 44’ Sister Wendy – Disc 1, “Michelangelo and Raphael” – 24: 13 Lowest Zone – (set off by zigzagging bands) Biblical ancestors of Christ Second Zone – enthroned Sibyls and Old Testament prophets Third Zone – 9 panels, episodes from Genesis

Lowest Zone: Second Zone: Third Zone: (set off by zig-zagging bands) Biblical ancestors of Christ Enthroned Sibyls and Old Testament prophets 9 panels, episodes from Genesis

Detail from the Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel The Creation of Adam

Detail from The Creation of Adam - The Hand of God 1508 -1512 Located on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Rome

Scenes From Genesis ® ® ® ® ® 1. Separation of Light from Darkness 2. Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Plants 3. Separation of the Earth from the Waters 4. Creation of Adam 5. Creation of Eve 6. The Fall and Expulsion from Garden of Eden 7. Sacrifice of Noah 8. The Deluge 9. Drunkenness of Noah

Separation of Light from Darkness (with ignudi and medallions) 1511

Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Plants 1511

Separation of the Earth from the Waters (with ignudi and medallions) 1511

Creation of Adam 1510

Creation of Eve (with ignudi and medallions) 1509 -10

The Fall and Expulsion from Garden of Eden 1509 -10

Sacrifice of Noah (with ignudi and medallions) 1509

The Deluge 1508 -09

Drunkenness of Noah and medallions)

The Sibyls The Libyan Sibyl The Delphic Sibyl The Erythraean Sibyl The Cumaean Sibyl The Persian Sibyl

The Delphic Sibyl 1509

The Erythraean Sibyl 1509

The Cumaean Sibyl 1510

The Persian Sibyl 1511

The Libyan Sibyl 1511

The Prophets Zechariah Joel Isaiah Ezekiel Daniel Jeremiah Jonah

Zechariah 1509

Joel 1509

Isaiah 1509

Ezekiel 1510

Daniel 1511

Jeremiah 1511

Jonah 1511

Corner Pendentives Judith and Holofernes David and Goliath Punishment of Haman The Braze Serpent

Judith and Holofernes 1509

David and Goliath 1509

Punishment of Haman 1511

The Brazen Serpent 1511

The Last Judgment, 1536 -1541 Located on the Wall of the Sistine Chapel 40’x 45’ Fresco Michelangelo was 61 when he started this. http: //smarthistory. kh anacademy. org/lastjudgment-sistinechapel. html

Laurentinian Library Florence, Italy

Dome of St. Peter’s 1546 to 1564 Designed by Michelangelo when he was 71 (which would have greatly distressed Bramante)