MICHEL FOUCAULT 1926 1984 People know what they

MICHEL FOUCAULT 1926 -1984 People know what they do; frequently they know why they do what they do; but what they don't know is what they do 1

KEYWORDS • • • POWER DISCIPLINE KNOWLEDGE DISCOURSE GENEALOGY TRUTH EFFECTS PANOPTICON ARCHAEOLOGY BIOPOLITICS People know what they do; frequently they know why they do what they do; but what they don't know is what they do does. ” 2

FOUCAULT in a JIFFY • Central approach can be summed up as a study of the connection between Power, Knowledge and Institutions, with reference to the concept of Truth. • Though he began as a Marxist and Structuralist, he later moved away from these theoretical positionings and critiqued their approaches. • He defines truth as a system of ordered procedures for the production, distribution, regulation, circulation, and operation of statements. Through this system of truth, power structures are created and enforced. Though Foucault's definition of truth may differ from other sociologists before and after him, his work with truth in relation to power structures, has influenced our understanding of social institutions. “Schools serve the same social functions as prisons and mental institutions- to define, classify, control, and regulate people. ” 3

• • He primarily looks at history, not as a continuity but as discontinuities. He terms his approach as ‘Archaeology’, which entails doing away with the notions of traditions and origins. This approach looks at discouse not as a state of infinite continuity, but as a state of sudden irruption. Language is a system of statements that make up a discourse. We do not contend with the structural or grammatical aspects of language in the Archaeological method, instead archaeology asks- ‘how is it that one particular statement appeared rather than another? ’ Hence a statement is like an event, unique, yet it can be repeated, transformed or reactivated. All of these veer down to the realisation that Power and Knowledge are together in establishing institutions of social control. He considers the schools, prisons, offices as institutions of social control. He looks at Power as creative , in that, it creates a certain docile subject(citizen, student, ideal prisoner), also Power is also a site of pleas 4

WORKS • • • THE HISTORY OF MADNESS (1961) THE BIRTH OF THE CLINIC (1963) THE ORDER OF THINGS (1966) THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF KNOWLEDGE (1969) DISCIPLINE AND PUNISH (1975) THE HISTORY OF SEXUALITY (1976) “I'm no prophet. My job is making windows where there were once walls. ” 5