MHS 5340 Foundations of Career Development Use of

MHS 5340 Foundations of Career Development Use of Theory in Designing and Delivering Career Services James P. Sampson, Jr. Florida State University 1

Benefits of Theory for Counselors • Explain causal factors in behavior and guide needs assessment and diagnosis • Plan interventions and treatment plans as well as homework assignments • Foundation for developing assessments and information / instructional resources • Evaluate counseling outcomes 2

Benefits of Theory for Clients • Better understand the nature of their problems • Better understand the value and use of counseling interventions and homework assignments • Better understand their assessment results and information / instructional resources • Evaluate success in changing behaviors 3

Career Theory • Emphasis in this course – CIP Theory (Peterson, Sampson, Reardon, & Lenz) – John Holland – Donald Super – John Krumboltz 4

Other Useful Career Theory • Work-Adjustment (Lofquist & Dawis) • Social-Cognitive (Lent, Brown & Hackett) • Circumscription and Compromise (Linda Gotfredson) • Constructivist – Contextual (Young, Valach, & Collin) – Socio. Dynamic (Peavy) • • Values (Brown) Sociological (Borow) Career Decision Making (Gati) DOTS Model (Watts & Law ) 5

CIP Theory • Refer to CIP Approach presentations www. career. fsu. edu/techcenter/designi ngcareerservices. html 6

John Holland • RIASEC Typology of interests (also includes values and abilities) • Secondary constructs • Application of theory 7

RIASEC Typology • Classification of individuals and environments by personality - Hexagon – Realistic – Investigative – Artistic – Social – Enterprising – Conventional 8

Secondary Constructs • Congruence • Coherence of aspirations or work history • Vocational identity • Consistency • Differentiation • Commonness 9

Application of the Theory • Self-help resources – Self-Directed Search and Occupations Finder • High school students and adults (Form R), Middle school students (Career Explorer), Employed adults (Form CP), Low reading adults (Form E) • Paper and Pencil, Mail-in scoring, Computer, and Internet versions available for Form R – Educational Opportunities Finder, Leisure Activities Finder also available – You and Your Career 10

Application of the Theory • Counselor-mediated resources – My Vocational Situation – Position Classification Inventory – Career Attitudes and Strategies Inventory – Dictionary of Holland Occupational Codes – Vocational Preference Inventory – Vocational Exploration and Insight Kit (VEIK) • Schema for organizing occupations, programs of study, positions, leisure activities 11

Donald Super • • Developmental process Readiness for decision making Life-Career Rainbow Application of theory 12

Developmental Process • Longitudinal, developmental approach instead of a single choice, matching approach • Implementation of self-concept 13

Life Stages and Substages • Growth – Fantasy – Interest – Capacity • Exploration – Tentative – Transition – Trail-Little Commitment 14

Life Stages and Substages • Establishment – Trial-Commitment and Stabilization – Advancement • Maintenance • Decline – Deceleration – Retirement 15

Readiness for Decision Making • Career maturity (adolescents) • Career adaptability (adults) • Work salience 16

Life-Career Rainbow Major life-career roles 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Child (son / daughter Student Worker Spouse Parent Homemaker Citizen Leisurite Annuitant (pensioner / retiree) 17

Life-Career Rainbow • Roles change – Specific beginnings and endings – Changes in relative importance 18

Application of the Theory • Creation of standards and the comprehensive design of career programs • Assessment of career maturity, values, work salience, adult career concerns • Renegotiation of life roles 19

John Krumboltz • • Influences on career decision making Consequences in decision making Career beliefs Application of theory 20

Influences • Genetic endowment and special abilities • Environmental conditions and events • Learning experiences – Associative (classical conditioning) – Instrumental (operant conditioning) 21

Consequences • • Self-observation generalizations World-view generalizations Task –approach skills Actions 22

Consequences • Self-observation generalizations – Overt or covert self statements evaluating one’s own actual or vicarious performance in relation to learned standards • World-view generalizations – Observations about the environment used to predict what will occur in the future and other environment 23

Consequences Task-approach skills – Value clarifying – Goal setting – Predicting future events – Generating alternatives – Information seeking – Estimating – Re-interpreting past events – Eliminating and selecting alternatives – Planning – Generalizing 24

Consequences • Actions – Entry behaviors that represent overt steps in career progression, e. g. – Selecting a program of study – Applying for a job 25

Career Beliefs Problematic self-observation and world -view generalizations 1. Faulty generalizations 2. Self-comparisons with a single standard 3. Exaggerated estimate of the emotional impact of an outcome 4. False casual relationships 5. Ignorance of relevant facts 6. Undue weight to low-probability events 26

Challenging Problematic Beliefs Challenging the validity of key beliefs 1. How do you know this is true? 2. What steps could you take to find out if it is true? 3. What evidence would convince you that the opposite is true? 27

Application of the Theory • Detailed explanation of causal factors in career development • Readiness assessment – the Career Beliefs Inventory • Modeling and reinforcement in occupational exploration • Simulated work environments for career exploration 28

For Additional Information www. career. fsu. edu/techcenter/ Thank You