Mexican War for Independence Mexico Today Spanish Colonies

Mexican War for Independence

Mexico Today

Spanish Colonies Around the World

Latin America on the Eve of Revolution

I Conditions Before the Revolution A. Poor Working Conditions 1. Day laborers, low wages 2. Slavery B. Brutal Oppression C. No Rights 1. loss of land 2. No democracy D. Creoles & mestizoes paid high taxes

Social Pyramid Peninsulares Spanish_born in Spain Creoles (Criollos)Spanish born in Latin America Mulattoes & Mestizoes Africans & Native Americans, Filipinos

Tax Pyramid

Father Miguel Hidalgo

II. El Grito de Dolores A. On September 16, 1810, Father Miguel Hidalgo delivered a sermon calling for 1. An end to Spanish Oppression 2. An end to bad Spanish government 3. An end to slavery/poor working conditions 4. Independence from Spanish Rule B. Miguel Hidalgo’s marked the beginning of the Mexican War for Independence

II. El Grito de Dolores

III. The Mexico War for Independence Begins A. About 50, 000 Mestizos, Mulattos, Native Americans & some Criollos organized themselves into an army B. They were armed with machetes, axes, clubs, knives, sticks & stones, etc C. They began their march from Dolores to San Miguel, to Celaya where they took a picture of “The Virgen de Guadalupe” as their symbol

Miguel Hidalgo

Virgen de Guadalupe

Virgen de Guadalupe

III. The Mexico War for Independence Begins D. The March continued to Mexico City, where they lost E. Miguel Hidalgo was eventually captured Jalisco, Mexico F. Miguel Hidalgo was tried & executed in Chihuahua G. His mutilated body was publicly displayed to discourage further rebellion

The Legacy of Father Miguel Hidalgo

The Execution of Father Miguel Hidalgo

The Legacy of Father Miguel Hidalgo

Jose Morelos

IV. The Revolution Continues

IV. The Revolution Continues A. After Miguel Hidalgo was executed, Jose Morelos continued the fight B. He captured Oaxaca & Acapulco in 1813 C. He organized groups into the Congress of Chilpancingo 1. Declared from independence from Spain 2. Created a Constitution (Sentiemientos de la Nacion)

Congress of Chilpancingo

IV. The Revolution Continues C. Sentiemientos de la Nacion 1. called for an end to slavery 2. an end to class system D. Morelos was captured in Cuatla E. Morelos was executed in San Cristobal Ecatepec on December 22, 1815

IV. The Revolution Continues

IV. The Revolution Continues F. Guerilla Warfare 1. Guerilla warfare is setting traps, fighting in unconventional manner 2. Guadalupe Victoria continued the revolution in Puebla 3. Vicente Guerrero (Afro-Mexican) continued to fight in Oaxaca along with Isidoro Montes de Oca & Francisco Mongoy (Filipino-Mexican)

Mexican Generals in the War for Independence Vicente Guerrero Guadalupe Victoria Augustin de Iturbide

V. Mexican Independence A. The fighting continued until 1821 B. On August 24, 1821 Treaty of Cordoba was signed giving Mexico independence from Spain

V. Mexican Independence

Mexican Empire 1822

VII. Legacy of Mexican Independence • A Constitution of 1824: a) prohibited slavery b) elections c) Catholicism official religion

VII. Legacy of Mexican Independence • B Poor remained poor due 1) corruption 2) exploitation 3) racism 4) poor land options

VII. Legacy of Mexican Independence C. 1823 The Mexican Empire breaks up into: 1. Guatemala 2. Honduras 3. El Salvador 4. Costa Rica 5. Nicaragua

United Provinces of Central America

Central America Today

VII. Legacy of Mexican Independence • D 1823 Monroe Doctrine 1)European countries are not to “colonize or interfere in the newly independent Latin American countries” 2) The US would view European intervention as hostile & possibly act

The Monroe Doctrine

VII. Legacy of Mexican Independence 3) 1904 Roosevelt Corollary: US may use Intervention in Latin American politics E. NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) 1. 1993 - “free trade” between the US, Mexico & Canada 2. Hurt Mexican economy 3. Forced peasants from their land & into the cities

1904 Roosevelt Corollary

1904 Roosevelt Corollary

Mexico Celebrates 202 years of Independence!

Latin American Independence

Latin American Independence