Mexican Revolution APWH Causes of the Mexican Revolution
- Slides: 16
Mexican Revolution APWH
Causes of the Mexican Revolution n Reign of Porfirio Díaz n Ruled as a dictator n “New Creoles” n Modernized Mexico n Masses suppressed n Working class wages declined n 95% of rural population did not own any land n Mestizo population grew rapidly after 1850 Porfirio Díaz (1876 -1910)
Start of the Revolution n Election of 1910 n Francisco Madero ran against Díaz n Díaz had Madero arrested on election day n Madero called for Díaz to be overthrown n Movement supported by peasants and the middle class n Díaz forced to resign in May 1911 Francisco Madero (1911 -1913)
Mexican Revolutionaries (1910) Pancho Villa Francisco Madero
The Revolution Spreads n Madero was unprepared n Lack of land reforms led to open rebellion n n Emiliano Zapata n “Land Liberty” Pancho Villa Emiliano Zapata n Madero was overthrown by General Victoriano Huerta in February 1913 n Madero was eventually assassinated Mural to Zapata in Cuba
Map of the Revolution
The Revolution Continues n Huerta was opposed by a coalition led by Venustiano Carranza (top), Alvaro Obregón (bottom), Villa, Zapata, etc. n Huerta was overthrown in 1914 n Carranza appealed to masses n n Mexican Constitution of 1917 Villa and Zapata continued to rebel until 1919 and 1920 n Carranza was overthrown in 1920 n Replaced by Obregon (1920 -1924)
Timeline of the Revolution
Women in the Revolution n Intellectuals n Called for equal rights, women’s suffrage, and other reforms n Often endured threats, imprisonment, etc. n Soldaderas n Served as nurses, cooks, foraged for food, washed clothes and other services n Served in the rebel army and the federal army n Women Soldiers
Women in the Revolution
Women in the Revolution
Aftermath of Revolution n Over one million people died n Revolution lacked a plan, a philosophy, intellectual leadership, or political parties n Farming, ranching, and mining economies were destroyed n Oil industry improved during revolution n No major bank or newspaper survived
Constitution of 1917 n Conferred strong powers to the president n Laid basis for land reform n No major redistribution until 1934 n Government ownership of mineral and water resources n New labor laws n No major labor laws until 1931 n Placed restrictions on the church and clergy n Church went on strike in 1926
Aftermath Continued n Alvaro Obregón (1920 -1924) n Built schools and encouraged nationalism n Diego Rivera n Mexico becomes a single-party system n Party of Revolutionary Institutions (PRI) n Dominated politics until 2000 n Lázaro Cárdenas (1934 -1940) n Redistributed 45 million acres of land n n 253 million would be redistributed by 1984 Promoted economic nationalism n Nationalized railroads (1937) and oil (1938)
Diego Rivera
Diego Rivera
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