Metric System The metric system is a way

Metric System • The metric system is a way of measuring invented by the French, that uses decimals. • There are different choices of base units to measure things like mass, volume, & distance. • Since the 1960 s, metric units are widely used around the world for personal, commercial and scientific purposes. • A standard set of prefixes in multiples of 10 may be used to come up with larger and smaller units.

The Metric System • A simple measurement system …. used around the world • Uses the “meter” as the base unit meter = 1 meter deci meter =. 1 meters centi meter =. 01 meters milli meter =. 001 meter kilo meter = 1000 meters

• Now we can use a single unit with no need to make conversion when calculating any physical quantity. • Example: All lengths and distances are measured in meters, or thousandths of a meter (millimeters), or thousands of meters (kilometers), and so on. • We don’t have to work with very different units with different conversion factors, such as inches, feet, yard, fathoms, rods, chains, furlongs, miles, nautical miles, leagues, and son on. • All unit levels are related to the fundamental unit by multiples of ten, so that one can convert by simply moving the decimal place: 1. 234 meters is 1234 millimeters, 0. 001234 kilometers, and so on.

• In the late 18 th century, King Louis XVI of France told a group of experts to develop a universal system of measurement to replace the different systems then in use. • This group of experts made the metric system, which was then adopted by the revolutionary government of France. • In the early metric system, there were several base units, the grade for angles, the meter for length, the gram for mass and the liter for capacity (volume). • 1 meter was first defined as 1⁄40, 000 of the circumference of the Earth. • The kilogram was first defined as the mass of one liter of water.

• The Celcius temperature scale came from the properties of water, with 0 °C being defined as its freezing point and 100 °C. • Units & sub-units are formed with prefixes such as: deca- (ten), hecto- (hundred), kilo- (thousand), mega- (million), and giga- (billion); deci- (tenth), centi- (hundredth), milli- (thousandth), micro(millionth), and nano- (billionth). • The most commonly used prefixes for units depend on the way they are used and sometimes tradition. • For example, long distances are stated in thousands of kilometers, not megameters.

Prefix Symbol Factor ____ Numerically ____ Name tera- T 1012 1, 000, 000 trillion giga- G 109 1, 000, 000 billion mega- M 106 1, 000 million kilo- k 103 1, 000 thousand hecto- h 102 100 hundred deca- D 101 10 ten base unit - 1 1 one deci- d 10 -1 0. 1 centi- c 10 -2 0. 01 hundredth milli- m 10 -3 0. 001 thousandth micro- μ 10 -6 0. 000 001 millionth 10 -9 0. 000 001 billionth 10 -12 0. 000 000 001 trillionth nanopico- n p tenth

DYK = Did you know? • Gimli Glider - In 1983 a Boeing 767 jet ran out of fuel in midflight because of 2 mistakes in figuring the fuel supply of Air Canada's first aircraft to use metric measurements. • Cargo errors - Confusion between pounds (mass) and kilograms can cause an aircraft to be overloaded. One overnight shipping company’s weights had been in kilograms, not pounds, and because of an error, the aircraft was 30, 000 pounds overweight. • Mars Climate Orbiter - In 1999 NASA lost a $125 million Mars orbiter because one engineering team used metric units while another used US customary units for a calculation. • Medical errors in the US are sometimes caused by confusing grains and grams. A patient received 0. 5 grams of phenobarbital instead of 0. 5 grains (0. 03 grams) after the

Lesson 1: Length T. Trimpe 2008 http: //sciencespot. net/

English vs. Metric Units Which is longer? A. 1 mile or 1 kilometer B. 1 yard or 1 meter 1 mile 1. 6 kilometers C. 1 inch or 1 centimeter 1 inch = 2. 54 centimeters 1 yard = 0. 9444 meters Left Image: http: //webapps. lsa. umich. edu/physics/demolab/controls/imagedemosm. aspx? picid=1167 Right Image: http: //share. lancealan. com/N 800%20 ruler. jpg

Metric Units The basic unit of length in the metric system in the meter and is represented by a lowercase m. Standard: The distance traveled by light in absolute vacuum in 1⁄299, 792, 458 of a second. Metric Units 1 Kilometer (km) = 1000 meters 1 Meter = 100 Centimeters (cm) Click the image to watch a short video about the meter. 1 Meter = 1000 Millimeters (mm) Which is larger? A. 1 meter or 105 centimeters C. 12 centimeters or 102 millimeters B. 4 kilometers or 4400 meters D. 1200 millimeters or 1 meter

Measuring Length How many millimeters are in 1 centimeter? 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters What is the length of the line in centimeters? _______cm What is the length of the line in millimeters? _______mm What is the length of the line to the nearest centimeter? ____cm HINT: Round to the nearest centimeter – no decimals. Ruler: http: //www. k 12 math. com/math-concepts/measurement/ruler-cm. jpg

Lesson 2: Mass T. Trimpe 2008 http: //sciencespot. net/

English vs. Metric Units Which is larger? 1. 1 Pound or 100 Grams 1 pound = 453. 6 grams 2. 1 Kilogram or 1 Pound 3. 1 Ounce or 1000 Milligrams 1 ounce of gold = 28, 349. 5 milligrams 100 kilogram = 220 pounds

Metric Units Mass refers to the amount of matter in an object. The base unit of mass in the metric system in the kilogram and is represented by kg. Standard: 1 kilogram is equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK), a platinum-iridium cylinder kept by the BIPM at Sèvres, France. Metric Units 1 Kilogram (kg) = 1000 Grams (g) Kilogram Prototype Click the image to watch a short video about mass. 1 Gram (g) = 1000 Milligrams (mg) Which is larger? A. 1 kilogram or 1500 grams C. 12 milligrams or 12 kilograms B. 1200 milligrams or 1 gram D. 4 kilograms or 4500 grams Kilogram Prototype Image - http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Kilogram

Measuring Mass We will be using triple-beam balances to find the mass of various objects. The objects are placed on the scale and then you move the weights on the beams until you get the lines on the right-side of the scale to match up. Once you have balanced the scale, you add up the amounts on each beam to find the total mass. What would be the mass of the object measured in the picture? _______ + _______ = ____ g Top Image: http: //www. southwestscales. com/Ohaus_Triple_Beam_750 -SO. jpg Bottom Image: http: //www. regentsprep. org/Regents/biology/units/laboratory/graphics/triplebeambalance. jpg

Measuring Mass – Triple-Beam Balance 1 st – Place the film canister on the scale. 2 nd – Slide the large weight to the right until the arm drops below the line. Move the rider back one groove. Make sure it “locks” into place. 3 rd – Repeat this process with the top weight. When the arm moves below the line, back it up one groove. 4 th – Slide the small weight on the front beam until the lines match up. 5 th – Add the amounts on each beam to find the total mass to the nearest tenth of a gram. Click here to try an online activity.

Lesson 3: Volume T. Trimpe 2008 http: //sciencespot. net/

English vs. Metric Units Which is larger? 1 fl oz = 29. 573 ml A. 1 liter or 1 gallon 1 12 -oz can of soda would equal approximately 355 ml. B. 1 liter or 1 quart C. 1 milliliter or 1 fluid ounce 1 quart = 0. 946 liters 1 gallon = 3. 79 liters It would take approximately 3 ¾ 1 liter bottles to equal a gallon.

Metric Units Volume is the amount of space an object takes up. The base unit of volume in the metric system in the liter and is represented by L or l. Standard: 1 liter is equal to one cubic decimeter Metric Units 1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (m. L) 1 milliliter (m. L) = 1 cm 3 (or cc) = 1 gram* Which is larger? A. 1 liter or 1500 milliliters Click the image to watch a short video about volume. B. 200 milliliters or 1. 2 liters C. 12 cm 3 or 1. 2 milliliters* * When referring to water Liter Image: http: //www. dmturner. org/Teacher/Pictures/liter. gif

Measuring Volume We will be using graduated cylinders to find the volume of liquids and other objects. Read the measurement based on the bottom of the meniscus or curve. When using a real cylinder, make sure you are eye-level with the level of the water. What is the volume of water in the cylinder? _____m. L What causes the meniscus? A concave meniscus occurs when the molecules of the liquid attract those of the container. The glass attracts the water on the sides. Top Image: http: //www. tea. state. tx. us/student. assessment/resources/online/2006/grade 8/science/images/20 graphicaa. gif Bottom Image: http: //morrisonlabs. com/meniscus. htm

What is the volume of water in each cylinder? Pay attention to the scales for each cylinder. Images created at http: //www. standards. dfes. gov. uk/primaryframework/downloads/SWF/measuring_cylinder. swf Measuring Liquid Volume

Measuring Solid Volume 9 cm We can measure the volume of regular object using the formula length x width x height. 8 cm _____ X _____ = _____ We can measure the volume of irregular object using water displacement. Amount of H 2 O with object = ______ About of H 2 O without object = ______ Difference = Volume = ______ Click here for an online activity about volume. Choose Lessons Volume & Displacement http: //resources. edb. gov. hk/~s 1 sci/R_S 1 Science/sp/e n/syllabus/unit 14/new/testingmain 1. htm 10 cm

Metric Conversions Ladder Method T. Trimpe 2008 http: //sciencespot. net/

Ladder Method 1 2 KILO 1000 Units HECTO 100 Units 3 DEKA 10 Units Meters Liters Grams DECI 0. 1 Unit How do you use the “ladder” method? 1 st – Determine your starting point. 2 nd – Count the “jumps” to your ending point. 3 rd – Move the decimal the same number of jumps in the same direction. CENTI 0. 01 Unit MILLI 0. 001 Unit 4 km = _____ m Starting Point Ending Point How many jumps does it take? 4. __. __. = 4000 m 1 2 3

Conversion Practice Try these conversions using the ladder method. 1000 mg = _______ g 1 L = _______ m. L 160 cm = _______ mm 14 km = _______ m 109 g = _______ kg 250 m = _______ km Compare using <, >, or =. 56 cm 6 m 7 g 698 mg

Metric Conversion Challenge Write the correct abbreviation for each metric unit. 1) Kilogram _____ 4) Milliliter _____ 7) Kilometer _____ 2) Meter _____ 5) Millimeter _____ 8) Centimeter _____ 3) Gram _____ 6) Liter _____ 9) Milligram _____ Try these conversions, using the ladder method. 10) 2000 mg = _______ g 15) 5 L = _______ m. L 20) 16 cm = _______ mm 11) 104 km = _______ m 16) 198 g = _______ kg 21) 2500 m = _______ km 12) 480 cm = _____ m 17) 75 m. L = _____ L 22) 65 g = _____ mg 13) 5. 6 kg = _____ g 18) 50 cm = _____ m 23) 6. 3 cm = _____ mm 14) 8 mm = _____ cm 19) 5. 6 m = _____ cm 24) 120 mg = _____ g

Compare using <, >, or =. 25) 63 cm 26) 536 cm 6 m 53. 6 dm 27) 5 g 28) 43 mg 508 mg 5 g 29) 1, 500 m. L 30) 3. 6 m 1. 5 L 36 cm

English Metric Conversions T. Trimpe 2008 http: //sciencespot. net/

English & Metric Conversions