Methods Three and Four INTEGRATING QUOTATIONS Why are

Methods Three and Four INTEGRATING QUOTATIONS

Why are quotations important? � Quotations are an integral part of analytic writing. In the point, proof, explanation method, quotations are the foundation of each proof

Modern Language Association � In English, we integrate and cite quotations using MLA (Modern Language Association) Referencing � Many Arts disciplines in university will also use this Referencing Guide

In general, � Quotations can never stand alone; you must introduce them � Always follow a quotation/paraphrased proof with the page number in parentheses/brackets (if you are using more than one author, indicate the authors’ last names as well)

METHOD THREE: Integrating a quotation into a sentence A quotation can never stand alone One way to use a quotation is to integrate it into a sentence � You may or may not need linking punctuation depending on the sentence � Your sentence and quotation must flow together smoothly � � �You may need to leave part of a quotation out and/or change a word or two to make this happen �use … to indicate you have left out part of the text and [ ] to indicate a change

Make sure you provide CONTEXT � For each quotation introduction it is important to provide some context � Context helps the reader understand who is speaking (narrator or character) and what is happening at that point in the reading

Technical Tips � The direct quotation should be in quotation marks � Following the quotation, you must include brackets with the page number —the period goes after the brackets

Other Reminders � If the quotation ends with a question mark or exclamation mark, keep this punctuation, but also put a period after the brackets

Examples: � The reader feels sympathy for the protagonist because he is “wet and muddy and hungry and cold” (292). � It becomes obvious to the reader that the protagonist shoots a human when he describes it as a “repulsive [creature]…with only two arms and two legs, ghastly white skins, and no scales” (293).

� The narration demonstrates the horrors of war as the protagonist is “fifty thousand light-years from home, fighting on a strange world and crying out, ‘I can’t take this anymore!’” (293). � NOTE: If you use a combination of narration and dialogue, use double quotation marks for the whole proof and single quotation marks for dialogue

METHOD FOUR: Paraphrasing � You may also paraphrase, or put examples in your own words, for proof � You may choose to do this if there is a lengthy section of the text that describes an idea you want to use or if events happen over the course of several pages � You MUST still provide a citation for these ideas

Example: � The narration demonstrates the horrors of war by describing the protagonist as uncomfortable over and over again, far away from home and forced to kill an enemy (292 -293).