Methods of Teaching Mathematics By Dr Meena Sharma

Methods of Teaching Mathematics ◦ By Dr. Meena Sharma

Definition • The set of moments and techniques logically coordinated to direct the student toward certain goals/objectives • It is a set of implied procedures, that lead the learning • It includes: 1. Presentation of the subject 2. Execution or development of the subject 3. Verification and Rectification of Learning

Inductive-Deductive Method • The Inductive-Deductive method is a combination of two separate methods inductive and deductive • Inductive Method 1. Inductive Method is the method in which we proceed from particular to general, from concrete to abstract and from the special example to general formula 2. If One rule applies to a particular case and is equally applicable to different similar cases, it is accepted as a generalized rule/formula 3. E. g. : - A child eats a green apple and feels its sour taste. Again on any day he takes another green apple and experiences the same sour taste, these few examples are enough to make him conclude that “Green Apples are sour” 4. E. g. 2: - A child observes the rising of the sun and getting off darkness after the setting of the sun, he observes it on a particular day in the beginning and then onwards he observes it everyday and after some time, he himself feels that the sun rises everyday and sets everyday

Deductive Method • Deductive Method is the method in which we proceed from general to particular, from abstract to concrete, from the general formula to the special examples • In this method, the students are told to accept, a generalized truth or preconstructed formula as a well established truth and then ask to apply it in solving so many particular relevant problems • E. g. : - The teacher may tell the students that the sum of the three angles of a triangle is equal to two right angles. Afterwards students maybe asked to verify this established fact by measuring the angles of the different triangles • E. g. 2: -Student maybe told about the formula of the area of the rectangle i. e. Area= Length*Breadth and then he asked to apply it in finding the areas of different rectangles

INDUCTIVE METHOD Comparison DEDUCTIVE METHOD 1. Here, One proceeds from particular to general and concrete to abstract 1. Here, One proceeds from general to particular and abstract to concrete 2. It is a psychological method. Children take interest in it because it is related with previous knowledge 2. It is an un-psychological method, here emphasis is laid to the learning and not to the child 3. It encourages self study and stimulates intellectual powers 3. It is a method of presentation, no originality and creativity is developed 4. No stress is laid over memorization 4. Here memory decides everything 5. Reasoning is very clear, any doubt about how and why of a formula are clarified in the beginning 5. Here people have every doubt about formula 6. Suitable in the initial stages of teaching 6. It is suitable at the practice or application stage 7. Suitable at primary education level 7. Suitable for secondary and higher education levels 8. Encourages active participation of the student 8. Makes the student passive recipient of knowledge