METHODS OF SUBJECTIVE EXAMINATION MUDr Pavel Stodlka Ph

METHODS OF SUBJECTIVE EXAMINATION MUDr. Pavel Stodůlka, Ph. D. stodulka@bnzlin. cz www. LASIK. cz

VISUAL ACUITY The eye can distinguish two points as separte when the angle of view is 1´ or greater. Then the points stimulate cones leaving at least one between them unstimulated.

VISUAL ACUITY EXAMINATION FAR DISTANCE u optotypes u 6 meters u V = 6/6 … 6/60 u first right eye, left, both

Snellen’s optotype / chart T 60 F U 36 NOV 24 V P O Z 12 N C U F O D 10 L F P C V U N F H O F V 7, 5 O P T 6

Visual acuity examination – far distance T 60 F U 36 NOV 24 V P O Z 12 N C U F O D 10 L F P C V U N F H O F V V 6/12 = 0, 5 7, 5 O P V 6/60 = 0, 1 T 6 V 6/6 = 1, 0

logarithmical optotype Landolt’s C / opened rings

VISUAL ACUITY EXAMINATION FAR DISTANCE u full-line method u threshold method – at least 50% right

1. full-line method T V 6/24 60 V 6/12 F U F 36 NOV 24 V P O Z 12 N C U F O D 10 L P C V U N F H O F V 2. threshold method 7, 5 O P T 6

EXAMINATION of weak-sighted u optotypes from 6 meters u optotypes from 1 meters u optotypes from 0, 5 m u finger counting from 1 m to 20 cm u hand motion in front of the eye u light perception, light projection

Visual acuity examination of weak-sighted from 1 m T 60 F U 36 NOV 24 V P O Z 12 N C U F O D 10 L F P C V U N F H O F V V 1/12 7, 5 O P V 1/60 T 6 V 1/6

EXAMINATION of weak-sighted u optotypes from 6 meters u optotypes from 1 meters u optotypes from 0, 5 m u finger counting from 1 m to 20 cm u hand motion in front of the eye u light perception, light projection

Practical (legal) blindness T V 1/36 60 F U (from 1 meter) NOV 24 V P O Z 12 N C U F O D 10 L F 36 P C V U N F H O F V 7, 5 O P T 6

VISUAL ACUITY EXAMINATION close distance u 35 centimeters u Jager’s chart u from nr. 1 to nr. 14 u first right eye, left, both

REFRACTION EXAMINATION u OBJECTIVE - skiaskopy - autorefractometer u SUBJECTIVE optotypes + glasses case

OTHER SUBJECTIVE EYE EXAMINATIONS u contrast sensitivity u adaptation to the darkness u colour sense

COLOUR SENSE u wave length 380 - 760 nm u blue 450 nm u green 550 nm u red 580 nm

COLOUR SENSE pseudoisochromatic charts

pseudoisochromatic charts

PERIMETRY = examination of the visual field

PERIMETRY u COMPUTER-ASSISTED PERIMETRY static qvantitative perimetry u GOLDMANN’S PERIMETER kinetic perimetry

Computerassisted perimeter

PERIMETRY SCOTOMA = defect in visual field

SCOTOMA u ABSOLUTE - doesn’t see anything u RELATIVE - decreased visual sensitivity u POSITIVE - realizes that u NEGATIVE – doesn’t realize that

PHYZIOL. SCOTOMA u „blind spot“ u place where the optic nerve enters the retina

BREAK !