Methods of Separating Mixtures Magnet Filter Evaporation Chromatography

Methods of Separating Mixtures • • • Magnet Filter Evaporation Chromatography Distillation Crystallization

Mixture of solid and liquid Filtration separates a liquid from a solid Zumdahl, De. Coste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 40 Stirring rod Funnel Filter paper traps solid Filtrate (liquid component of the mixture)

Chromatography • Tie-dye t-shirt • Black pen ink • DNA testing – Tomb of Unknown Soldiers – Crime scene – Paternity testing

Paper Chromatography

A Distillation Apparatus thermometer liquid with a solid dissolved in it condenser tube distilling flask Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter , 3 rd Edition, 1990, page 282 hose connected to cold water faucet receiving flask pure liquid

The solution is boiled and steam is driven off. Zumdahl, De. Coste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 39

Salt remains after all water is boiled off. Zumdahl, De. Coste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 39

No chemical change occurs when salt water is distilled. Distillation (physical method) Saltwater solution (homogeneous mixture) Zumdahl, De. Coste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 40 Pure water

Separation of a sand-saltwater mixture. Zumdahl, De. Coste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 40

Separation of Sand from Salt 1. Gently break up your salt-crusted sand with a plastic spoon. Follow this flowchart to make a complete separation. Saltcrusted sand. Calculate weight of salt. Weigh the mixture. Weigh sand. Pour into heat-resistant container. Fill with water. Stir and let settle 1 minute. Decant clear liquid. Dry sand. No 2. How does this flow chart insure a complete separation? Evaporate to dryness. Yes Repeat 3 times? Wet sand.