Methods of fabric formation Fabric forming methods using

Methods of fabric formation Fabric forming methods using Yarn Weaving Knitting Braiding Fabric forming method using Fibre Nonwoven Felting

Methods of fabric formation Weaving 1 • Interlacement of two or more set of yarns • Eg. Shirts/ Pants Knitting 2 • Interlooping of one or more set of yarns • Eg. Vests/ Underwear Nonwoven 3 • Intermingling/entangling of fibres • Eg. Green carpet/ Wipes Miscellaneous 4 • Braiding/ Netting • Eg. Shoe lace/Mosquito nets

Concept of Woven fabric Fabric made by interlacement of two set of yarns namely warp and weft Concept of Warp, Weft, Ends and Picks Concept Definition Warp Weft Ends Pick • Set of yarns parallel to selvedge of fabric. • Set of yarns along the length of fabric. • Set of yarns perpendicular to selvedge of fabric. • Set of yarns along the width of fabric. • Individual Warp is termed as end. • Individual Weft is termed as pick.

Concept of Knitted fabric Fabric made by interlooping of one or more set of yarns Concept of Wales and Course Concept Definition Wales Course • Set of loops parallel to selvedge of fabric. • Set of loops along the length of fabric. • Set of loops perpendicular to selvedge of fabric. • Set of loops along the width of fabric.

Concept of Nonwoven fabric Fabric made by intermingling / entangling of fibres.

Flow chart for manufacturing different types of woven fabric

WARP PREPARATON Flow chart Greige fabric SPINNING • Yarn on bobbin WEFT PREPARATON SPINNING WINDING • Bobbin to cone / cheese • Fault free yarn WINDING WARPING • Direct beam warping • Warper’s beam PIRN WINDING SIZING DRAWING IN DENTING • Yarn on bobbin • Bobbin to cone / cheese • Fault free yarn • Pirn preparation • Improves yarn weavability • Weaver’s beam • Draw yarn through heald shaft • Draw yarn through reed LOOM REQUIRED – NORMAL LOOM WITHOUT SPECIAL ATTACHMENT AND MOTION FABRIC

WARP PREPARATON Flow chart Stripped fabric (Warpwise) SPINNING WEFT PREPARATON • Yarn on bobbin SPINNING WINDING YARN DYEING WARPING SIZING DRAWING IN DENTING • Bobbin to cone / cheese • Fault free yarn • Soft winding • Yarn Dyeing and drying WINDING PIRN WINDING • Yarn on bobbin • Bobbin to cone / cheese • Fault free yarn • Pirn preparation • Sectional beam warping • Weaver’s beam • Improves yarn weavability • Weaver’s beam (optional) • Draw yarn through heald shaft • Draw yarn through reed LOOM REQUIRED – NORMAL LOOM WITHOUT SPECIAL ATTACHMENT AND MOTION FABRIC

WARP PREPARATON Flow chart Stripped fabric (Weftwise) SPINNING • Yarn on bobbin WINDING • Bobbin to cone / cheese • Fault free yarn WARPING • Direct beam warping • Weaver’s beam SIZING DRAWING IN DENTING • Improves yarn weavability • Weaver’s beam • Draw yarn through heald shaft • Draw yarn through reed WEFT PREPARATON SPINNING WINDING YARN DYEING PIRN WINDING • Yarn on bobbin • Bobbin to cone / cheese • Fault free yarn • Soft winding • Yarn Dyeing and drying • Pirn preparation LOOM REQUIRED – NORMAL LOOM WITH SPECIAL DROP BOX ATTACHMENT AND MOTION FABRIC

WARP PREPARATON Flow chart Checks fabric SPINNING WINDING WEFT PREPARATON • Yarn on bobbin SPINNING • Bobbin to cone / cheese • Fault free yarn WINDING YARN DYEING WARPING SIZING DRAWING IN DENTING • Yarn on bobbin • Bobbin to cone / cheese • Fault free yarn • Soft winding • Yarn Dyeing and drying • Sectional beam warping • Weaver’s beam • Improves yarn weavability • Weaver’s beam (optional) • Draw yarn through heald shaft • Draw yarn through reed WINDING YARN DYEING PIRN WINDING • Soft winding • Yarn Dyeing and drying • Pirn preparation LOOM REQUIRED – NORMAL LOOM WITH SPECIAL DROP BOX ATTACHMENT AND MOTION FABRIC