Method s of Teaching Science Ethics of Science

Method' s of Teaching Science Ethics of Science

Ethics of Science � � 1 - Testability �In the natural sciences, there is no * authority except for the mind, and this means that any new information must undergo a test of its reliability, and it is not added to the human balance of scientific knowledge until after this test � �

�Objectivity is the opposite of subjectivity, which means removing oneself from the situation or from the phenomenon, or from the event under study. * Objectivity criterion is very important for reasons the most important of which are: that the observation is a selective process, and thus is affected by the subjectivity of the observer. �* �

�Objectivity requires: � 1 - Accuracy: that is, describing the notes and recording them as they are without adding or deleting the notes. � 2 - Comprehensiveness: taking into account all dimensions, variables and components.

�. Universality �Scientific knowledge has no religion, homeland, gender or ethnicity, and this necessarily requires an exchange of scientific knowledge between scientists. * The Arabs and Muslims translated from Greece and added, then Europe took from the Arabs and Muslims and added, and so on. . * Al-Alamiah achieves previous standards, as it achieves testability and objectivity

�It helps in building the self-confidence and systematic approach to day problems. �It is both a product and a process. In its process form, it suggests ways and means of exploring the truth and in its product form; it presents a systematic and organized body of knowledge.

Scientific Honesty �Scientific honesty requires the scientist to be careful in describing and recording scientific phenomena and observations, and for the scientist to return scientific knowledge to its discoverers. *

� In order to achieve scientific honesty, it is necessary to investigate what others have done, and thus one of the basic characteristics of science, which is cumulative, emerges

�Hypothesizing �* Scientific hypothesis: a sentence under test that begins with a set of observations, but because of the lack of information necessary to reach beyond the observations, or to reach specific inferences, the scientist resorts to formulating a number of assumptions

When Newton saw the apple fall to the ground, he formulated a hypothesis: that the earth has a force that attracts other bodies, and by analogy with that, the validity of the hypothesis was tested that the moon has a force that attracts other bodies

� Experimenting �* Experience: An artificial situation that the scientist uses to collect data and information about a phenomenon, or to verify the validity of previously reached information, or to test the validity of a hypothesis, or come to new facts and laws, or verify its validity.

� * In experimentation, the scientist may resort to fixing some variables, and changing others by increasing or decreasing, excluding, or adding, in order to study the causal relationships, that is, the relationship between the effect of a certain variable on another variable