METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION MSG DUST DETECTION Author Jochen

METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION (MSG) DUST DETECTION Author: Jochen Kerkmann kerkmann@eumetsat. de Contributors: H. -J. Lutz (EUMETSAT), HP. Roesli (Meteo. Swiss) D. Rosenfeld (HUJ) Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 1

Day-time Dust Storms over the Red Sea and the Middle East 25 June 2003 Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 2

Dust Storms Channel 01 (0. 6 m) Channel 02 (0. 8 m) Channel 03 (1. 6 m) MSG VIS imagery on 25 June 2003 at 10: 00 UTC showing a major dust storm over the Red Sea. The dust storm over the Arabian Peninsula is not visible in VIS imagery. Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 3

Dust Storms Channel 04 (3. 9 m) Channel 07 (8. 7 m) Channel 09 (10. 8 m) MSG IR imagery on 25 June 2003 at 10: 00 UTC showing a dust storm over the Arabian Peninsula. Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 4

MSG-1 25 June 2003 10: 00 UTC RGB Composite R = NIR 1. 6 G = VIS 0. 8 B = VIS 0. 6 Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 5

MSG-1 25 June 2003 10: 00 UTC RGB Composite R = VIS 0. 6 G = NIR 1. 6 B = IR 3. 9 Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 6

MSG-1 25 June 2003 10: 00 UTC Channel 12 (HRVIS) Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 7

MSG-1 25 June 2003 10: 00 UTC Difference Image Channels NIR 1. 6 - VIS 0. 6 "Snow/Ice Index" Monitoring of thick ice clouds (like Cb and Ns). Thin Cirrus and dust over desert are not detected. Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 8

Dust Storms MSG-1 25 June 2003 10: 00 UTC Difference Image Channels IR 3. 9 - IR 10. 8 Monitoring of fires and fog, but also useful for the detection of dust storms over deserts. Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 9

Sulfur Plant Fire Dust Storms MSG-1 25 June 2003 10: 00 UTC Difference Image Channels IR 8. 7 - IR 10. 8 Monitoring of thin Cirrus clouds, but also useful for detecting dust storms over deserts (day and night). Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 10

Day-time Dust Storm over Niger 7 July 2003 Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 11

MSG imagery showing a duststorm over Niger MSG-1 7 July 2003 11: 00 UTC Channel 01 (0. 6 m) Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 12

Channel 01 (0. 6 m) Channel 02 (0. 8 m) Channel 03 (1. 6 m) MSG VIS imagery on 7 July 2003 at 11: 00 UTC showing a duststorm over Niger Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 13

Channel 07 (8. 7 m) Channel 08 (9. 7 m) Channel 09 (10. 8 m) MSG IR imagery on 7 July 2003 at 11: 00 UTC showing a duststorm over Niger Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 14

Diff. 3. 9 m - 10. 8 m Diff. 8. 7 m - 10. 8 m Diff. 12. 0 m - 10. 8 m MSG imagery on 7 July 2003 at 11: 00 UTC showing a duststorm over Niger Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 15

Diff. 8. 7 m - 10. 8 m Diff. 12. 0 m - 10. 8 m MSG enhanced imagery on 7 July 2003 at 11: 00 UTC showing a duststorm over Niger Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 16

MSG imagery showing a duststorm over Niger MSG-1 7 July 2003 11: 00 UTC Channel 12 (HRV) Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 17

Day-time Dust Storm over Algeria 14 July 2003 Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 18

MSG imagery showing a dust storm over Algeria, which was triggered by a major convetive storm (squall line) MSG-1 14 July 2003 08: 45 UTC Channel 01 (VIS 0. 6) Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 19

Channel 01 (0. 6 m) Channel 02 (0. 8 m) Channel 03 (1. 6 m) MSG VIS imagery on 14 July 2003 at 08: 45 UTC showing a dust storm over Algeria Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 20

Channel 07 (8. 7 m) Channel 08 (9. 7 m) Channel 09 (10. 8 m) MSG IR imagery on 14 July 2003 at 08: 45 UTC showing a dust storm over Algeria Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 21

Diff. 3. 9 m - 10. 8 m Diff. 8. 7 m - 10. 8 m Diff. 12. 0 m - 10. 8 m MSG imagery on 14 July 2003 at 08: 45 UTC showing a dust storm over Algeria Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 22

Diff. 3. 9 m - 10. 8 m Diff. 8. 7 m - 10. 8 m Diff. 12. 0 m - 10. 8 m MSG enhanced imagery on 14 July 2003 at 08: 45 UTC showing a dust storm over Algeria Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 23

Recommended RGB for Monitoring of Dust Storms (day & night) 3 3 2 2 1 1 4 4 5 Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 1 1= dust storm 2= clear ground 3 = low-level clouds 4 = thin high-level clouds 5 = thick high-level clouds MSG-1 14 July 2003 10: 00 UTC RGB Composite R = IR 12. 0 - IR 10. 8 G = IR 10. 8 - IR 8. 7 B = IR 10. 8 Slide: 24

Night-time Dust Storm over Algeria 14 July 2003 Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 25

Channel 07 (8. 7 m) Channel 08 (9. 7 m) Channel 09 (10. 8 m) MSG IR imagery on 14 July 2003 at 02: 00 UTC showing a dust storm over Algeria Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 26

Diff. 3. 9 m - 10. 8 m Diff. 8. 7 m - 10. 8 m Diff. 12. 0 m - 10. 8 m MSG imagery on 14 July 2003 at 02: 00 UTC showing a dust storm over Algeria Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 27

Diff. 3. 9 m - 10. 8 m Diff. 8. 7 m - 10. 8 m Diff. 12. 0 m - 10. 8 m MSG enhanced imagery on 14 July 2003 at 02: 00 UTC showing a dust storm over Algeria Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 28

Click on the icon to see the animation (02: 00 - 08: 30 UTC, AVI, 5475 KB) ! MSG-1 14 July 2003 02: 00 UTC Difference Image IR 8. 7 - IR 10. 8 Monitoring of ice clouds, but also very useful for detecting dust storms over deserts (day and night). Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 29

Click on the icon to see the animation (02: 00 - 08: 30 UTC, AVI, 3305 KB) ! MSG-1 14 July 2003 02: 00 UTC Difference Image IR 8. 7 - IR 10. 8 Same as previous slide, but different colour bar ! Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 30

Day-time Dust Storm over the Mediterranean Sea 21 February 2004 Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 31

Click on the icon to see the animation (07: 00 - 12: 00 UTC, GIF, 6134 KB) ! Dust Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 MSG-1 21 February 2004 12: 00 UTC RGB Composite R = HRV G = HRV B = IR 10. 8 i Slide: 32

Recommended RGB for Monitoring of Dust Storms (day & night) Thick high-level ice clouds Dust Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Thin high-level ice clouds MSG-1 21 February 2004 13: 00 UTC RGB Composite R = IR 12. 0 -IR 10. 8 G = IR 10. 8 -IR 8. 7 B = IR 10. 8 Slide: 33

Day & Night-time Dust Storm over Western Africa and the Canary Islands 02 -04 March 2004 Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 34

Contrails Dust Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Click on the icon to see the animation (reduced resolution, 02 -03 March 2004, 12: 00 - 12: 00 UTC, AVI, 21097 KB) ! MSG-1 03 March 2004 12: 00 UTC RGB Composite R = IR 12. 0 -IR 10. 8 G = IR 10. 8 -IR 8. 7 B = IR 10. 8 Slide: 35

Click on the icon to see the animation (12: 00 - 18: 00 UTC, AVI, 9846 KB) ! Gravity waves in the lee of Fuerteventura Dust flows around Gran Canaria and Tenerife Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 MSG-1 3 March 2004 17: 00 UTC Channel 12 (HRV) Slide: 36

Click on the icon to see the animation (12: 45 - 19: 00 UTC, AVI, 9144 KB) ! Snow Dust flows around Gran Canaria and Tenerife Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 MSG-1 3 March 2004 17: 00 UTC RGB Composite R = NIR 1. 6 G = VIS 0. 8 B = VIS 0. 6 Slide: 37

Sahara Dust Outbreak across the Atlantic Ocean 04 -10 March 2004 Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 38

Click for full res. (JPG, 3971 KB) RGB IR 12. 0 -IR 10. 8, IR 10. 8 -IR 8. 7, IR 10. 8 "Dust RGB" Click for full res. (JPG, 3305 KB) RGB NIR 1. 6, VIS 0. 8, VIS 0. 6 "Natural Colours RGB" MSG-1, 04 March 2004, 12: 00 UTC Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 39

Click for full res. (JPG, 3992 KB) RGB IR 12. 0 -IR 10. 8, IR 10. 8 -IR 8. 7, IR 10. 8 "Dust RGB" Click for full res. (JPG, 3327 KB) RGB NIR 1. 6, VIS 0. 8, VIS 0. 6 "Natural Colours RGB" MSG-1, 06 March 2004, 12: 00 UTC Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 40

Click for full res. (JPG, 3865 KB) RGB IR 12. 0 -IR 10. 8, IR 10. 8 -IR 8. 7, IR 10. 8 "Dust RGB" Click for full res. (JPG, 3170 KB) RGB NIR 1. 6, VIS 0. 8, VIS 0. 6 "Natural Colours RGB" MSG-1, 08 March 2004, 12: 00 UTC Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 41

SUMMARY Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 42

Detection of Dust Storms over Deserts during Day-time • • dust storms over deserts can be detected in VIS and IR VIS 0. 6 better than VIS 0. 8 NIR 1. 6 not useful (desert dust “transparent” at 1. 6 -2. 0 µm) IR 10. 8 best single IR channel (thermal IR technique) IR 9. 7 also useful !!! Diff. 8. 7 -10. 8 and 3. 9 -10. 8 give the best results Diff. 12. 0 -10. 8 (used for GOES) also good • Recommended RGB: IR 12. 0 -IR 10. 8, IR 10. 8 -IR 8. 7, IR 10. 8 Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 43

Detection of Dust Storms over Deserts during Night-time • dust storms difficult to detect in IR (only in animation) • IR 8. 7 best IR channel (different emission coefficients) • Diff. 8. 7 -10. 8 gives the best results and detects dust very well (over deserts) • Diff. 12. 0 -10. 8 also useful • Diff. 3. 9 -10. 8 less useful • Recommended RGB: IR 12. 0 -IR 10. 8, IR 10. 8 -IR 8. 7, IR 10. 8 Version 1. 0, 30 November 2004 Slide: 44