Meteorology Cpt Josef Trojan Meteorology Definitions Type of

Meteorology Cpt. Josef Trojan

Meteorology • • Definitions Type of clouds Fronts Dangerous meteorological phenomena – Icing – Thunderstorm – Turbulence – Fog • Messages • LKPD • Abbreviations

Definitions • Meteorology - science studying atmosphere • Weather - current conditions of atmosphere

Clouds

Cumulus Congestus TCu • • • TCu – Towering cumulus (aviation) Deep area of unstable air Up to 6 000 m Severe turbulence Icing Pre-thunderstorm

Cumulonimbus Cb • • 5 - 13 km “Anvil“ shape Large, vertically developed Unstable air Thunderstorms Severe turbulence Hail

Cloud cover 0/8 1 -2/8 3 -4/8 5 -7/8 8/8 sky clear (SKC) few (FEW) scattered (SCT) broken (BKN) overcast (OVC)

Fronts Cold front § § Cold air displaces warm air Air temperature drops Atmospheric pressure grows Precipitation

Warm front § Warm air is going over cold air and extensive cloudiness risen. § Precipitation – long duration, light intensity § Air temperature slightly increased

Occluded front § when a warm and cold front meets and the warm air is forced up above ground level § variety of weather Stationary front § when a warm or cold front stops moving

Dangerous meteorological phenomena Thunderstorm § § § unstable air CB severe turbulence low visibility heavy rain hail and lightning

Turbulence § § clouds, CB above a warm surface wake turbulence interference of surface features on the horizontal flow of air § wind changes dramatically within a short horizontal or vertical distance § Light, moderate, severe, extreme

Fog § § § VIS under 1 km relative humidity near 100% radiation fog (in the morning, local character) frontal fog (moving with the frontal system) advection fog (huge, with the drizzle)

Icing - Icing conditions exist when the air contains droplets of supercooled liquid water Intensity of icing § Light – max. 0, 5 mm/min. § Moderate – 0, 6 – 1 mm/min. § Severe – more than 1, 1 min.

Weather reports • METAR - Aerodrome routine meteorological report (Actual weather at airport, regular report ) • SPECI – special weather report, actual weather • TAF- Aerodrome forecast • TREND - Landing forecast • ATIS - Radio broadcasting for aircraft in air TMA (Actual weather and warning) • SIGMET - information concerning en- route weather which may affect the safety of aircraft operations • NOTAM - a notice containing information concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service or procedure • SNOWTAM– dangerous conditions due to snow, ice, slush

Colour codes Surface visibility Cloudbase (5 oktas or more) Colour code 8 km 2500 ft Blue 5 km 1500 ft White 3, 7 km 700 ft Green 1, 6 km 300 ft Yellow 0, 8 km 200 ft Amber Less than 0, 8 km Below 200 ft Red The visibility and cloud may be good but the airfield cannot be used for some other reason (the runway may be blocked for example). Black

Department of Air Meteorology Pardubice

Parts of the department • Section of the Air Meteorological Office - forecasting (meteorological forecaster) - observing (observer) • 24/7 • provides services – LOM Praha (CLV) company – Czech Airforce and NATO – OPEN SKIES missions – EBA company

Abbreviations • • • BKN CB DZ DU DS FG BCFG FZ FZRA GR • • • FBL BR OVC RVR SCT SEV MIFG SH FU TS

Abbreviations • • • BKN broken CB cumulonimbus DZ drizzle DU dust DS duststorm FG fog BCFG fog patches FZ freezing FZRA freezing rain GR hail • • • FBL light BR mist OVC overcast RVR runway visual range SCT scatered SEV severe MIFG shallow fog SH shower FU smoke TS thunderstorm