Metals and their uses All metals fall within

Metals and their uses

All metals fall within two groups Pure Metals Alloys (a mixture of two or more materials) Iron Brass ( Copper & Zinc) Copper Steel (Iron & Carbon) Aluminium Cast Iron (Iron & Carbon) Lead Duralium (Aluminium & Copper) Zinc Bronze (Copper, Tin, Phosphorus) Tin High Speed Steel (Tungsten, Gold Chromium, Carbon, Vanadium & Molybdenum)

These metals can be further subdivided Ferrous Metals Non Ferrous Metals (Containing Iron) (Containing No Iron) Iron Steel Cast Iron HSS Copper Aluminium Lead Zinc Tin Gold Brass Duralium Bronze

Steel and its uses Steel is the most commonly used metal and is used in everything from Sewing needles to Skyscrapers HMS Ark Royal AHS Library Advantages: Low Cost, High Strength & Easy to work with. Disadvantages: The Golden Gate Bridge Rusts

Steel Rod Bar Sheet In the school workshop we have the following types of Steel (Flat & Square) Steel is also available in Tube, Hex bar, Angle Iron, and Girders

Aluminium and its uses Audi A 8 The Kilean is a mussel farm boat operating in Loch Spelve on the Island of Mull. Built in 1999 From aluminum pioneer to volume production: Audi has now built more than 150, 000 vehicles with aluminum body - including over 93, 000 Audi A 8 and just under 57, 000 A 2 models. Advantages: Disadvantages: Lightweight, Malleable, Ductile & Does not corrode, Low melting point (660 C) Higher Cost than steel, Harder to Weld

Aluminium Extrusion Bar (rectangular and square) Ingots Rod Sheet In the school work shop we have the following types of aluminium

Copper and its uses Wire Pots & Pans Gutters Advantages: Malleable, Ductile, Good Conductor of heat & electricity, Does not corrode to any great extent Disadvantages: High Cost & Rather soft Copper is one of the oldest metals known to man. The earliest known copper article is a pendant dating from 9000 BC in Asia Minor. Copper gradually became more plentiful as ancient man learnt how to produce copper from copper ore. The discovery of alloying copper and tin to make bronze (the first ever alloy) was a major step forward because bronze is harder, tougher and stronger than copper

Copper Bar (rectangular and square) Rod Sheet In the school work shop we have the following types of copper

Brass and its uses Hardware Ornaments Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc and is used extensively in the production of maritime fixtures and fittings (screws, hinges etc) Advantages: Ductile & Does not corrode to any great extent Disadvantages: High Cost & Brittle if cold worked Musical Instruments Woodscrews

Brass Bar (rectangular and square) Rod Sheet In the school work shop we have the following types of brass

Lead and its uses Fishing Weights Roofing Materials Advantages: Malleable, Ductile, Easy to work & Does not corrode to any great extent Disadvantages: Heavy & Rather soft Lead is often used in batteries, Radiation shields around X-ray equipment and nuclear reactors, Used to contain corrosive liquids & For ammunition. The Romans used lead for plumbing (the decline of the Roman empire is attributed to lead in the water supply!) Stain Glass Windows

Glossary of Terms Malleable: Malleability is the ability of a material to be hammered or rolled without cracking. Very few metals have good malleability when cold, but most are malleable when heated to a suitable temperature. Ductile: A ductile material is one which can easily be drawn out into thin wire. Brittle: A Brittle material may resist a steady force but fail easily when subject to a sharp blow. Hardness: Hardness is defined as a resistance to indentation or scratching. Toughness: Tough materials resist fracture by blows.