METAL OXIDES PAVING THE WAY TO PEROVSKITE CELLS

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METAL OXIDES: PAVING THE WAY TO PEROVSKITE CELLS DESMOND ZHENG PATRICK FLAHERTY

METAL OXIDES: PAVING THE WAY TO PEROVSKITE CELLS DESMOND ZHENG PATRICK FLAHERTY

A Future with Perovskite Usage of fossil fuels is going to decline around the

A Future with Perovskite Usage of fossil fuels is going to decline around the globe in the near future New, perovskite solar cell technology possesses staggering efficiency and affordable cost Composed Arranged Cell of organic-metal halide compound in crystal structure of ABX 3 rapidly degrades when exposed to moisture

Cubic Perovskite Structure – Cation A is CH 3 NH 3 – Cation B

Cubic Perovskite Structure – Cation A is CH 3 NH 3 – Cation B is Lead (Pb) – Anion X is a halogen, usually Iodine (I)

Perils of Perovskite degrades when exposed to moisture Under these conditions, perovskite solar cell

Perils of Perovskite degrades when exposed to moisture Under these conditions, perovskite solar cell technology would be extremely limited in terms of where it could be used geographically A possible solution to this problem is the use of metal oxides

Meddling with Metals Certain metal oxides can be applied to perovskite cells to help

Meddling with Metals Certain metal oxides can be applied to perovskite cells to help with the moisture degradation issue Metal oxides such as Titanium Oxide and Zinc Oxide are currently undergoing testing in research labs Researchers must be sure to pick a metal oxide that is both efficient and sustainable

How will this Coating be Implemented? Spin coating Deposits the oxide with an acidic

How will this Coating be Implemented? Spin coating Deposits the oxide with an acidic solution of titanium isopropoxide in ethanol Needs to be heated to 500ºC Chemical bath deposition (CBD) Perovskite laid on metal oxide, and then treated with chemical bath for the metal oxide coating to be applied Only needs to be heated to 150ºC

Limitations of Perovskite Mass production of metal oxide-coated solar cells Expensive and difficult A

Limitations of Perovskite Mass production of metal oxide-coated solar cells Expensive and difficult A new form of manufacturing would need to be developed Massive amounts of perovskite would need to not be exposed to air in the facility, and then the metal oxide coating would need to be applied

Approaching the Apex Peroskite cells will allow science to the apex of solar cell

Approaching the Apex Peroskite cells will allow science to the apex of solar cell technology as we know it Silicon solar cells have not improved efficiency from 25% in the past twenty years Pervoskite solar cells achieved 20% efficiency in three years, where it took silicon cells ten years to do that.

Power-Per-Weight (Watts per gram)

Power-Per-Weight (Watts per gram)

Silicon Cells Efficiency Levels (data from NREL) Perovskite Cells

Silicon Cells Efficiency Levels (data from NREL) Perovskite Cells

Perovskite's Potential Manufactured into a transparent cell This would change the way we power

Perovskite's Potential Manufactured into a transparent cell This would change the way we power our cities Unlike fossil fuel-generated power sources, perovskite solar cells do not generate harmful carbon emissions If perovskite continues to increase efficiency at such a fast pace, it could lead to green, self-sustaining cities

Impact on the Future and Society Perovskite could potentially be the cheapest solar cell

Impact on the Future and Society Perovskite could potentially be the cheapest solar cell ever made Can be made at a lower temperature than silicon cells Would cause less energy to be used in manufacturing, and more money saved Primary material used in perovskite is a lead based compound Could Lead pose environmental threats, due to lead being toxic may one day be able to be replaced by tin in the cells Perovskite is ultra-light and flexible, possessing the potential to be implemented on screens, drones, and other devices

Flexible Cell Undergoing stress Glider Powered by perovskite

Flexible Cell Undergoing stress Glider Powered by perovskite

The Outlook Perovskite solar cells have a high potential to change the energy market

The Outlook Perovskite solar cells have a high potential to change the energy market High versatility and solar efficiency allow for seemingly limitless applications Metal oxide coatings, once perfected, will allow this technology to become a sustainable and affordable source of energy on the market Increasing rates of solar efficiency through research show that perovskite cells will be the dominant form of solar energy

Questions

Questions