Metadata Dr S L Sangam Professor and Chairman
- Slides: 37
Metadata Dr. S. L. Sangam Professor and Chairman Dept. of Library and Information Science Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, India E-mail: slsangam@yahoo. com
Metadata • “data about data”; • data which describes a resource; • data which is associated with an object that describes that object; • a description of objects, documents or services which may contain data about their form and content.
Metadata include: – descriptive information in order to identify resource (as is usual in traditional information retrieval systems); – information which is necessary for the management and preservation of the information package; – information which is necessary for the access to this description.
Descriptive metadata a description of a resource in order to identify it: – author – title – publisher – ISBN – ISSN – URL (Uniform Resource Locator) – date of the revision of the Web resource
Subject metadata • Classification scheme – UDC, LCS, • Subject headings – Me. SCh
Stand - Alone Metadata • can exist in any kind of database • provides a link to the described resource.
Standards. Why do we need it? • Standards determinate: – content (what is included in metadata): ISBD – content designator (codes for the identifying the different data in the record) UNIMARC, MARC – physical structure (in order to exchange data how it are arranged in a storage). ISO 2709
Cont • Standards allow to retrieve and exchange of information between different systems, platforms and languages.
Standard Generalized Markup Language • SMGL (Standard Generalized Markup Language) -international standard (ISO 8879: 1986) for the description of mark-up languages
Cont • the formal system by which information or encoding is added to the electronic form of a document in order to present its meaning, and to control its processing;
Cont • allows the interchange of richly structured web resources independently of any application or platform.
but • different applications may use the information encoded in a SGML(Standard Generalized Markup Language) description differently. • Document Type Definition (DTD) is the part of SMGL system which makes possible this inter - operability.
Text Encoding Initiative • TEI - an international research project; • main goal - to define a set recommendations for the encoding of the materials in the electronic forms in order to standartize it; • 1987, 1994
Cont • according to the particular community needs an extensible document type definition, sets of element and attribute definitions can be mixed in a variety of ways.
the TEI Header • a detailed bibliographic description consists: – of a file description; – an encoding description; – a text profile; – a revision history.
Cont • TEI scheme allows to embeded of metadata in the body of a text
Extensible Markup Language (XML) • the universal format for structured documents and data on the Web – derived from SMGL(Standard Generalized Markup Language ) (ISO 8879) – HTML (hypertext Markup Language) (1990) – XML (e. Xtensible Markup Language) (1996) – standard of W 3 C (World Wide Web Consortium) (1998)
Cont • plays an important role in the exchange of a wide variety of data on the Web; • a text format; • looks like HTML (tags and attributes); • uses tags to delimit the data; • licence-free;
a family of technologies: – XML 1. 0 - mechanism to use the Document Type Definition for declaring how to fit together document structure, attributes, the data typing and etc. – Xlink - links for the XML; – XML Query - to provide flexible facilities to extract data from real andd virtual documents on the Web; – CSS - Cascading Stye Sheets – XML Namespaces - describes how can associate XML files with a single tag, attribute in an XML document; – XML Schemas - defining the structure, content and semantics of the XML;
Resource Description Framework (RDF ) • a foundation for processing metadata; • provides interoperability between applications that exchange machine understandable information on the Web. • uses XML in order to exchange the descriptions of the different type of Web resources;
RDF • emphasizes facilities to enable automated processing of Web resources; • it can be used in different applications: – in resource retrieval; – in cataloguing; – in content rating; – by intelligent software agents; – etc.
RDF • defines a simple model for describing interrelationships among resources in terms of named properties and values.
Cont • URI -Uniform Resources Identifier; • URL - Uniform Resource Locator; • URN - Uniform Resource Name.
The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) organisation to promoting dedicated to promoting the widespread adoption of interoperable metadata standards and developing specialised metadata vocabularies for describing resources that enable more intelligent information discovery systems.
Cont DCMI is built on a community of individuals from many different backgrounds and disciplines located in organizatios and institutions all over the world.
DCMI mission • Developing metadata standards; • defining frameworks for the interoperation of metadata sets; • facilitating the development of metadata sets that work witin the frameworks of crossdomain discovery ant metadata interoperability.
DCMI activities • Documentation and communication; • Standards Development and maintenance; • Tools and services;
Dublin Core • it is the first metadata standard developed out of the DCMI as an IETF standard; • it is a simple element set for describing a wide range of networked resources; • “small language for making a particular class of statements about resources” (Baker, 2000)
Cont • Dublin Core metadata to enable large collections of resources to be grouped, named, classified and indexed.
Dublin Core supports and provides to: • describe a resource; • make simple description and enable indexing; • discover resource; • obtain and access the resource; • enhance the quality of resource management.
Dublin Core Characteristics • Dublin Core Element Set consists from 15 elements; • each element is optional and may be repeated; • each element has a set of qualifiers, attributes that may be use to further refine the meaning of element.
Cont • • simplicity; semantic interoperability; international consensus; extensibility.
Dublin Core Elements • • Title Creator Subject Description Publisher Contributor Date Type • • Format Identifier Source Language Relation Coverage Rights
Each Dublin Core element is defined using a set of 10 attributes: · Name · Definition · Identifier · Obligation · Version · Datatype · Registration Authority · Maximum · Language · Occurrence · Comment
Dublin Core Qualifiers are divided in two classes: – Element Refinement make the meaning of an element narrower or more specific; – Encoding Scheme identify schemes that aid in the interpretation of an element value.
Properties of the DC Qualifiers · Name: the unique token assigned to the qualifier. · Label: the human-readable label assigned to the qualifier. · Definition: a statement that represents the concept and essential nature of the qualifier. · Comment: additional information associated with the qualifier (if available). · See Also: A link to more information about the qualifier (if available).
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