MesoAmerican Civilizations Central American Civilizations Olmec 1500 BCE
Meso-American Civilizations Central American Civilizations Olmec - 1500 BCE -200 CE Maya 200 -1200 CE Aztecs 1350 -1530
Quick Review of Course Cycle of Civilization – ODPD – Origin, Development, Peak, Decline Paleolithic – nomadic hunter gatherer Neolithic = civilization, agricultural revolution, cities 4 River Valley Civilizations China India Africa Middle East
China 8000 bce – 600 ce Europe – MMGHRR Middle East SZQH SBAP – India – IAMG – Africa – Egypt South America – Olmec, Maya, Aztec, Inca
South America Many older Civilizations across South America are united by the Inca – 1350 - 1530
Meso. American Civilization Origins Olmec 1500 BCE – 200 CE
Geography Yukatan Penninsula located on the hot, humid coasts of the Gulf of Mexico surrounded by rain forests, grasslands, and swamps
Olmec Politics Called “Cult of the Jaguar” City state government that united for religious celebrations under the authority of a Priest/shaman Dirt and clay pyramids used for political power and religious ceremonies
Colossal Heads Colossal Head #10 Basalt San Lorenzo http: //isis. csuhayward. edu/dbsw/anthropology/miller/3250/03 olmec/aolmec 2. html#PHOTO%20 GALLERY:
Economic Life most were farmers Social Class based on power and wealth priests and government (theocracy) were the most powerful merchants and craftspeople were next farmers were the lowest Most city states had their own language and customs
Olmec Religion: Polytheist nature worship shaman ruled, claimed to shape -change, control nature (rain, sun, crops), fly, killing enemies from a distance, and bear offspring even though they are men. Jaguars seen as magical animals and shamen claimed to shape shift into them foundation of later Maya civilization.
Shaman as jaguar carrying his spirit
Riding Crocodiles in the Spirit world
Social Life Typical of Agricultural Society Men: plowed and planted fields tended to the crops hunted and fished Women/Older girls housekeeping chores making clothes supplying the home with firewood and water caring for younger children Children learned about farming and housekeeping chores
Intellectual Life Maize Domesticated 3000 BCE Major staplecrop in Mesoamerica Also domesticated cotton, cacao, feathers, pelts, woods, rubber
Intellectual life developed a number system, calendar, and a form of writing
Olmec Art: Jade Sculpture (plus giant heads and pyramids) Jade Axe Were-Jaguar Olmec Figure http: //isis. csuhayward. edu/dbsw/anthropology/miller/3250/03 olmec/aolmec 2. html#PHOTO%20 GALLERY:
Olmec Influence on the Mayans Maize Ceremonial centers with temple pyramids Calendar based on the Olmec one Ball games Rituals involving human sacrifice
Olmec, La Venta, cone pyramid
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