Mesoamerica Incan Empire 1438 1531 Essential Standards 6

Mesoamerica Incan Empire 1438 -1531

Essential Standards • 6. H. 2 Understand the political, economic and/or social significance of historical events, issues, individuals and cultural groups. • 6. G. 1 Understand geographic factors that influenced the emergence, expansion and decline of civilizations, societies and regions (i. e. Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas) over time. • 6. C. 1 Explain how the behaviors and practices of individuals and groups influenced societies, civilizations and regions.

Clarifying Objective • 6. H. 2. 3 Explain how innovation and/or technology transformed civilizations, societies and regions over time (e. g. , agricultural technology, weaponry, transportation and communication). • 6. G. 1. 3 Compare distinguishing characteristics of various world regions (e. g. , physical features, culture, political organization and ethnic make-up). • 6. G. 1. 4 Explain how and why civilizations, societies and regions have used, modified and adapted to their environments (e. g. , invention of tools, domestication of plants and animals, farming techniques and creation of dwellings). • 6. C. 1. 2 Explain how religion transformed various societies, civilizations and regions (e. g. , beliefs, practices and spread of Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism).

Essential Questions • What DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC describes the Incan civilization’s physical features? • What innovations & development in technologies helped the Incans be so successful despite the fact they lived in the mountains? • What were the 3 ways that the Incans were able to adapt to their environments to become successful? • What roles did mummies play in the culture of the Incans?

Advanced Society • Mesoamerican Civilizations (Central & South American) were the first to establish WELL ORGANIZED ADVANCED SOCIETIES in the Americas • These societies existed well before the European people arrived to the Americas

South American Civilization • The Incans were the largest & greatest civilization to ever exist in South America • They were a highly advanced civilization with roads, a capital city, organized religion & huge population • They extended from Chili all the way to Columbia in the Andes Mountains

Story of the Incas • Story of the Incans begins with a young prince named Pachacuti • The Incans were a small tribe in the Peru, South America • Their main rivals were the Chonka Warriors which was a different tribe

Pachacuti • Pachacuti was a prince of the Incas but he was not the next king in line • His older brother was to be the next king of the Incan People • Pachacuti never the less believed that he should be king • He tried for years to show his father that he should be the next king

Chonka were Coming • For years the Chonka were trying to take the Incan capital city of Cuzco • The Chonka now had enough men to take the city • They were led by their mummified leader Izkavilika

South America Mummy • Incan culture always mummified their bodies • The dead meant so much to the living • Incans believed that their ancestors were the ones that gave them rights to a territory from the gods • This is why they carried the mummified bodies around & still talked to them after they were dead • http: //www. youtube. com/wat ch? v=YS 2 PEbihd. ZY

Essential Questions • Get with a partner and answer…. . • What roles did mummies play in the culture of the Incans?

Chonka Indians Attack • Chonka Indians create a massive army & stand at the gates of Cuzco • The king & his two sons stand ready to defend the Incan Empire • Then the king & his oldest son decide to run from the battle leaving only Pachacuti to defend the city

Pachacuti vs. Izkavilika • Pachacuti knew he was destined for this battle • The goal of the Chonkas was to annhilate the whole Incan Army & capture the city • The goal for the Incan tip over the mummified leader of the Chonka & they will run

Pachacuti Defends Cuzco • The Chonka attack running at the Inca • Pachacuti waits for the Chonka to be in distance & then has his army release a fury of stones from their sling shots • This takes down hundreds of Chonka • Pachacuti charges

Pachacuti Defends Cuzco • The battle lasts for only a couple of hours as Pachacuti’s Incans begin to slaughter the Chonkans • Legend says that Pachacuti himself makes it to the mummy of his enemies & tips it to the ground • The Chonkans run & are never heard from again

Pachacuti • Pachacuti celebrates his victory at the top of a mountain where he takes the name Pachacuti meaning “World Shaker” • From that point on the Incans begin to build the greatest South American Civilization in world history • http: //www. youtube. com /watch? v=p. QPSYenhto. Y

Civilization in the Mountains • The Incan Civilization was almost totally in the Andes Mountains • It stretched from Chili all the way to Columbia • At most places it was thousands of feet above sea level

Essential Questions • Get with a partner and answer…. . • What DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC describes the Incan civilization’s physical features?

Domestication of the Llama • The Incan Civilization would not have become successful without the DOMESTICATION of the Llama • The llama enabled the Incans to travel in the mountains • Llamas were also used for farming to pull plows

Terrace Farming Irrigation • Inca People were an agricultural civilization • They developed a brand new kind of irrigation to water plants • This was a way to increase their “FARMING SPACE” to grow more food

Terrace Farming Irrigation • Terrace Farming is like building a farm of stairs • Each stair would grow crops • Tops of mountains naturally have water sources at the top because of rain the receive • Rain water drains down from the mountains down each stair watering the crops on each stair • http: //www. youtube. com/wat ch? v=TZ_79 i-KUv. E

Incan Crops • The Incan people grew these crops…. ① Potatoes ② Tomatoes ③ Corn • All these crops were crops never seen before in any other part of the world • Incans were able to DOMESTICATE corn • They will later be taken back to Europe & become a main part of the diet in Europe • http: //www. history. com/shows/ mankind-the-story-of-all-ofus/videos/corn? m=51896 f 7467 b 3 9

Essential Questions • Get with a partner and answer…. . • What were the 3 ways that the Incans were able to adapt to their environments to become successful?

Incan Roads • Incan Trail were the Incan road system • http: //www. youtube. com/wat ch? v=8474 nm. E 1 W 2 Y • The roads connected the Incan Empire • http: //www. youtube. com/wat ch? v=9 Kwqdy. Ya. Wpc • Roads led to the capital city of Machu Picchu • Water canals were dug to follow the Incan roads so travelers & their animals always had something to drink

Machu Picchu • Known as the palace in the clouds • This was the new home of Pachacuti after he became king of the Incas • Just like Rome all roads led to Machu Picchu • http: //www. history. co m/topics/machupicchu/videos#machupicchu

Essential Questions • Get with a partner and answer…. . • What innovations & development in technologies helped the Incans be so successful despite the fact they lived in the mountains?

EOG Questions • How were the oldest civilizations in Central and South America similar? • A) They were large, but not well-organized. • B) They established extensive trade with Pacific Rim nations. • C) They were strongly influenced by Asian and African civilizations. • D) They were the first to develop advanced societies in the area.

EOG Questions • The mountains of South America made farmland difficult to find. • How did ancient people adapt to this? • A) They used terraced farming. • B) They grew crops in the valleys. • C) They used large farm animals to plow. • D) They moved to a new area each growing season.

EOG Questions • Societies adapted to their surroundings by irrigating and building dams. • Why did they need to use these techniques? • A) to decrease the overcrowding of crops • B) to increase space for people to live • C) to increase their farmland for growing crops • D) to decrease the numbers of animals on the land

Important Points • 6. H. 2. 3 (Innovations & Technologies: Agriculture) The Incans created Terrace Farming so they could grow crops in the mountains • 6. H. 2. 3 (Innovations & Technologies: Transportation) The Incans created a road system to connect the Incan Empire • 6. G. 1. 3 (Distinguishing Characteristic: Physical Feature) The Incan Civilization was in the Andes Mountains • 6. G. 1. 4 (Adapting to physical environment: Terrace Farming) The Incans adapted to their physical environment by creating Terrace Farming so they could grow crops • 6. G. 1. 4 (Adapting to physical environment: Domestication of Plants & Animals) The Incans domesticated crops like corn & animals like llamas to make them successful