MESLEK NGLZCE KISIM4 SONER HOCA Area of Management

MESLEKİ İNGİLİZCE KISIM-4 SONER HOCA

Area of Management: • Functional Managers V. S. General Managers

Area of Management: • Functional Manager is responsible for just 1 organizational activity • General Manager is responsible for several organizational activities

Managers for 3 Types of Organizations 1. 2. 3. For-Profit Organizations: For making money, or profits, by offering products or services Nonprofit Organizations: For offering services in either public sector or private sector such as hospitals, colleges, social-welfare agencies Mutual-Benefit Organizations: For aiding members such as farm cooperatives, labor unions, trade associations, and clubs

Do managers manage differently for different types of organizations?

Management for different types of organizations SAME DIFFERENCE • 4 management functions— planning, organizing, leading, and controlling– are needed for all types • Measurement of success ØFor-profit: how much profit (or loss) it generate ØNonprofit & Mutual-benefit: effectiveness of services delivered

Management Roles • Specific actions or behaviors expected of a manager • 3 types of managerial roles: • Interpersonal • Informational • decisional

Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles • Interpersonal Roles: involve people (subordinates and person outside the organization) and other duties that are ceremonial and symbolic in nature • Informational Roles: involve collecting, receiving, and disseminating information • Decisional Roles: entail making decisions or choices

Mintzberg groups managerial activities and roles as involving: Managerial activities Associated roles interpersonal roles: arising from formal authority and status and supporting the information and decision activities. • figurehead • liaison • leader Informational roles • monitor • disseminator • spokesman decisional roles: making significant decisions • improver/changer (entrepreneur) • disturbance handler • resource allocator • negotiator http: //www. bola. biz/mintzberg 2. html

1. Interpersonal Roles • Figurehead: perform ceremonial duties like greeting company visitors, speaking at the opening of a new facility, or representing the company at a community luncheon to support local charities

1. Interpersonal Roles (Cont) • Leader: motivate and encourage workers to accomplish organizational objectives • Liaison: deal with people outside their units to develop alliances that will help in org. goal achievement

2. Informational Roles • Monitor: scan environment for information, actively contact others for information, continually update news/ stories related to their business (inside and outside org. ) • Disseminator: share the information they have collected with their subordinates and others in the company

2. Informational Roles (Cont) • Spokeperson: share information with people outside their departments and companies

3. Decisional Roles • Entrepreneur: adapt themselves, their subordinates, and their units to change/ innovation • Disturbance Handler: respond to pressures and problems demand immediate attention and action

3. Decisional Roles (Cont) • Resource Allocator: set priorities and decide about use of resources • Negotiator: continual negotiate schedules, projects, goals, outcomes, resources, and employee raises in order to accomplish the goals

Management Skills • Technical Skills: job-specific knowledge and techniques needed to proficiently perform work tasks • Human Skills: ability to work well with other people both individually and in group • Conceptual Skills: ability to see the organization as a whole, understand the relationships among various subunits, visualize how the organization fits into its external environment

Skills Needed at Different Managerial Levels Conceptual Skills Top Managers Middle Managers Human Skills Low-Level Managers *Dark color = necessary to have Technical Skills

Why Study Management? q. The universality of management ØThe reality that management is needed in all types, sizes, level, areas of organizations. q. The reality of work ØYou will either manage or be managed in your future career

Why Study Management? q. Rewards and challenges of being a manager Rewards Challenges Create work environment where org. members can work to the best of their ability Do hard work Have opportunity to think creatively & use imagination May have duties that are more clerical than managerial Help others find meaning & fulfillment in work Have to deal with a variety of personalities Support, coach, and nurture others Often have to deal with limited resources Work with variety of people Motivate workers in chaotic and uncertain situations Receive recognition & status in org. and community Blend knowledge, skills, ambitions, and experiences of a diverse workgroup Play a role in influencing org. outcomes Success depends on others’ work performance Receive appropriate compensation in form of salaries, bonuses, and stock options

The difference of governing and managing • Governing is about state administration • a : to exercise continuous sovereign authority over; especially : to control and direct the making and administration of policy in The country was governed by a king. • b : to rule without sovereign power and usually without having the authority to determine basic policy • Managing is solely about organizational or resource based administration • to handle or direct with a degree of skill: such as • : to exercise executive, administrative, and supervisory direction of manage a business • manage a bond issue • manages a baseball team

Definition of Government • Institution through which society makes and enforces public policies • Legislative, judicial and executive power (every government has these in some way) • Dictatorship – power held by a person or small group • Democracy – power held by the people

Characteristics of a State • Population • Territory – land with known and recognized boundaries • Sovereignty – supreme power within its territory • Government – agency through which the state exerts its will and works towards its goals

Origin of the State • Force Theory – An individual or group claimed control over a territory and forced the population to submit. • Evolution Theory – A population formed out of primitive families. The heads of these families became the government. • Divine Right Theory – God created the state, making it sovereign. The government is made up of those chosen by God to rule a certain territory. • Social Contract Theory – A population in a given place gave up as much power to a government as needed to promote the well being of all.

Purposes of Government • Form a more perfect union • Establish justice • Ensure domestic tranquility • Provide for the common defense • Promote the general welfare • Secure the blessings of liberty

Democracy is an ideal type of governing • a : government by the people; especially : rule of the majority • b : a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections

Forms of Government Democracy • Political authority rests with the people. • Direct or indirect democracy • Federal – power is shared by local and national government • Confederate – power centered in local governments • Unitary – power centered in national government • Presidential – powers separated into executive and legislative branch • Parliamentary – executive branch is part of legislature Dictatorship • Rulers not responsible to the people • Government not accountable for policies or how they are carried out • Autocracy – one person rules • Oligarchy – small group rules • All are authoritarian • Most are totalitarian • Militaristic

Majority rule, minority rights Individual worth Compromise Democracy Equality Individual freedom

Duties and Responsibilities of Citizenship Duties • Serving on a jury • Serving as a witness when called • Attending school • Paying taxes • Registering for the draft • Obeying the laws • Respecting the rights of others Responsibilities • Voting • Volunteering • Participating in civic life • Understanding the workings of our government

Democracy and the Free Enterprise System (aka Capitalism) • Private ownership of capital goods • investments made by private decision, not government directive • Success or failure determined by competition in the marketplace • Four fundamental factors • Private ownership • Individual initiative • Profit • Competition