Merry Christmas THE Present Perfect FORM Affirmative Ved

FORM: • Affirmative: V-ed S + have / has + past participle V 3

• Negative: S + haven’t / hasn’t + past participle (V-ed/V 3) •

SHORT ANSWERS • Yes, S + have / has. • No, S + haven’t

Use 1 • An action happened at AN INDEFINITE PAST. • Ex: I’ve met

Use 2 • An action or state which began in the past and continues

Use 3 • An experience as part of someone’s life. • Ex: I’ve traveled

Use 4 • A recent past action with results in the present. • Ex:

Note: • The adverbs JUST, ALREADY and YET are common with this use (recent

Summary Form Use Time markers • S + have/has + V-ed/V 3 1. An

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Merry Christmas THE Present Perfect

FORM: • Affirmative: V-ed S + have / has + past participle V 3 • Examples: I’ve lived in Rio de Janeiro. (I’ve = I have) She’s been to Canada. (She’s = She has)

• Negative: S + haven’t / hasn’t + past participle (V-ed/V 3) • Ex: You haven’t studied French. Kevin hasn’t done his homework. • Question: HAVE/HAS + Subject + past participle (V-ed/V 3)? • Ex: Have you finished your exercise? Has the car cost $ 200, 000?

SHORT ANSWERS • Yes, S + have / has. • No, S + haven’t / hasn’t. • EX: A: Have you closed the door? B: Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. A: Has Brenda written a composition? B: Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.

Use 1 • An action happened at AN INDEFINITE PAST. • Ex: I’ve met a lot of famous people. She has won awards. She’s written 20 songs.

Use 2 • An action or state which began in the past and continues to the present and probably into the future. • Ex: I’ve known Maria for ten years. We’ve lived here for eight years. David has liked hot dog since he was a boy.

Use 3 • An experience as part of someone’s life. • Ex: I’ve traveled a lot in Brazil. • EVER and NEVER are common with this use. Have you ever been in a car crash? My mother has never flown in a plane.

Use 4 • A recent past action with results in the present. • Ex: I’ve lost my wallet. (I haven’t got it now. ) The taxi has arrived. (It’s outside now) Has the mail carrier been yet?

Note: • The adverbs JUST, ALREADY and YET are common with this use (recent past action). * YET is used in questions and negatives. • Ex: She’s JUST had some good news. I’ve ALREADY had breakfast. Has the mail carrier been YET? It’s 11: 00 and she hasn’t got up YET.

Summary Form Use Time markers • S + have/has + V-ed/V 3 1. An action happened at - for • S+ haven’t/ hasn’t + VAN INDEFINITE PAST. - since ed/V 3 2. An action which began in - never • Have/has + S + V-ed/V 3? the past and continues to the present and probably into the future. 3. An experience as part of someone’s life. 4. A recent past action (with results in the present). - ever just already yet up to now so far

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