Mermaid Syndrome Video Mutations Any change in DNA

Mermaid Syndrome • Video

Mutations • Any change in DNA sequence that also changes the protein it codes for • A Mutation can occur in a reproductive cell (gamete) or a body cell

Mutagen • Any agent that causes a change in DNA • EX: High exposure to radiation, chemical, or high temperature

Gamete Mutation • Passed on to an offspring Body Cell Mutation • NOT passed on to your offspring • EX: UV Radiation

2 kinds of Mutations • 1) Point Mutations • 2) Frameshift Mutations

Point Mutations • A change in a single nitrogen base in DNA (just 1 letter changes) • A single letter change can change the entire structure by changing 1 amino acid • Less harmful

EX: Point Mutation • THE DOG BIT THE CAT • 1 CHANGE IN THE LETTER CAN MAKE IT. . • THE DOG BIT THE CAR

2. Frameshift Mutation • A single base is added OR deleted • Shifts the reading of Codons • Every codon after the mutation is changed

EX: Deletion • THE DOG BIT THE CAT • DELETE G • THE DOB ITT HEC AT • Every amino acid that the codon codes for is changed • Very harmful

Deletion

Chromosomal Mutations • When a chromosome breaks or rejoins another chromosome

• 4 Types: • Deletions • Insertions • Inversions • Translocations

• Deletion: a part of a chromosome is left out

• Insertion: part of a chromatid breaks off and attached to its sister chromatid

• Inversion: part of a chromosome breaks off and reinserted backwards

• Translocations: part chromosome breaks off and is added to a different chromosome