Mercantilism Acquire gold and silver and keep it

Mercantilism Acquire gold and silver and keep it in your country

• Sell more goods than you buy…. • Don’t pay much (if anything) for raw materials b/c of colonies… • Sell your manufactured goods to people in colonies… FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE!!!

• English Civil War (1640 -1660) • Navigation Acts (not really enforced) • Dominion of New England (not really enforced) • Glorious Revolution (gave the people the English Bill of Rights)

Salutary Neglect • Colonists’ best interests suited GBR best interests • Colonists voluntarily honored the King • ***Colonists became accustomed to selfrule

Diverse Economies • South – Agriculture • Middle Colonies – some agriculture, some commerce, some shipping • New England – small farms heavily dependent on shipping

Road to Revolution… The French and Indian War (1754 -1763) Fought over disputed lands claims around Appalachian Mountains and Ohio River Valley British: French: Expanded West Built forts to protect trade with Indians Built towns Cleared forests Planted crops

George Washington leads British in defeat at Fort Necessity…his defeat leads to all out war – In Europe, they called it the Seven Years War

Albany Plan of Union • Permanently unite colonies in times of war • Each colony sent a delegate to an assembly It was rejected…. none of the other colonies wanted to submit to a central authority. BUT – it did provide for a later model of government!

Treaty Of Paris (1763) • GBR gets Canada • France gives up all land claims East of the Mississippi River

Pontiac’s Rebellion • Either side winning outright was bad news for Indians – they knew their lands were at stake • Pontiac unites numerous tribes and fights British • Ultimately, it’s put down, but British see it as more cost efficient to respect them

GBR in debt… Sugar and Quartering Act (1764): - cut tax on molasses in half, BUT – anyone caught smuggling went to royal court - Colonists had to house and feed any royal troops in North America Stamp Act (1765) : - Colonists had to buy special “stamped” paper for all legal documents, licenses, wills, newspapers, pamphlets, and almanacs. Special “Stamp Duties” were placed on playing cards and dice

As a result… • Boycotts began – Sam Adams led the Sons of Liberty, who wreaked havoc on tax collectors *It was repealed in 1766, but Declaratory Act was passed – Parliament has the right to rule the colonies any way it sees fit Townshend Acts (1767) – tax on lead, paint, glass, paper, and the most popular English good…TEA!!! ***B/c taxes were collected at port, Boston shippers were upset most More boycotts and protests (Daughters of Liberty appear for “spinning bees”)

March 5, 1770 Boston Massacre

• 1772: Commitees of Correspondence – formed to communicate between the colonies the wrongdoings of GBR • 1773: Tea Act – East India Tea Co. could sell surplus tea TAX FREE (smuggled tea was more expensive now)

December, 1773: Boston Tea Party

1774: Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts) • Stripped MA of any self rule • Boston harbor shut down until price of destroyed tea was repaid

First Continental Congress On September 5, 1774, delegates from each of the 13 colonies except for Georgia (which was fighting a Native American uprising and was dependent on the British for military supplies) met in Philadelphia as the First Continental Congress to organize colonial resistance to Parliament's Coercive Acts

Paul Revere, Samuel Prescott and William Dawes ride through the night warning British troops are on the move… APRIL 19, 1775 Battle Of Lexington Battle Of Concord

Seizing Of Ft. Ticonderoga May, 1775 Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys w/ Benedict Arnold

Second Continental Congress

Battle Of Bunker Hill June, 1775 “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes!”… 3 charges, Patriots forced to abandon hill due to lack of ammunition. MORAL VICTORY: 311 patriot wounded vs 1100 British

The King Responds to the Olive Branch Petition…

Whereas many of our subjects in divers parts of our Colonies and Plantations in North America, misled by dangerous and ill designing men, and forgetting the allegiance which they owe to the power that has protected and supported them; after various disorderly acts committed in disturbance of the publick peace, to the obstruction of lawful commerce, and to the oppression of our loyal subjects carrying on the same; have at length proceeded to open and avowed rebellion, by arraying themselves in a hostile manner, to withstand the execution of the law, and traitorously preparing, ordering and levying war against us: And whereas, there is reason to apprehend that such rebellion hath been much promoted and encouraged by the traitorous correspondence, counsels and comfort of divers wicked and desperate persons within this Realm: To the end therefore, that none of our subjects may neglect or violate their duty through ignorance thereof, or through any doubt of the protection which the law will afford to their loyalty and zeal, we have thought fit, by and with the advice of our Privy Council, to issue our Royal Proclamation, hereby declaring, that not only all our Officers, civil and military, are obliged to exert their utmost endeavours to suppress such rebellion, and to bring the traitors to justice, but that all our subjects of this Realm, and the dominions thereunto belonging, are bound by law to be aiding and assisting in the suppression of such rebellion, and to disclose and make known all traitorous conspiracies and attempts against us, our crown and dignity; and we do accordingly strictly charge and command all our Officers, as well civil as military, and all others our obedient and loyal subjects, to use their utmost endeavours to withstand suppress such rebellion, and to disclose and make known all treasons and traitorous conspiracies which they shall know to be against us, our crown and dignity; and for that purpose, that they transmit to one of our principal Secretaries of State, or other proper officer, due and full information of all persons who shall be found carrying on correspondence with, or in any manner or degree aiding or abetting the persons now in open arms and rebellion against our Government, within any of our Colonies and Plantations in North America, in order to bring to condign punishment the authors, perpetrators, and abetters of such traitorous designs. Given at our Court at St. James’s the twenty-third day of August, one thousand seven hundred and seventy -five, in the fifteenth year of our reign. GOD save the KING.