Mental Retardation Dr VIVEK AGARWAL MD PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT

Mental Retardation Dr. VIVEK AGARWAL MD PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY K. G. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW

Characteristics Slow or arrested intellectual development Below average intellectual functioning Impaired adaptive functioning Onset before 18 years IQ less than 70

Prevalence 1. 5 1 -3% times more in Males More in rural area

Clinical features 1. Delayed developmental milestones - Motor Language Social

2. Adaptive functions Daily living skills Academics Health and safety Socialization and communication Use of community resources Leisure time activities Occupation

3. IQ Mild MR- 50 -69 Moderate Severe MR- 35 -49 MR- 20 -34 Profound Most common 85% MR- <20

Mild MR Educable up to 6 th grade by late teens Can learn vocational skill to support self Moderate MR Can be educated up to 2 nd grade Can learn unskilled work under sheltered condition

Severe and profound MR Not educable or trainable Achieve limited self care Require constant support and care

Associated problems May have associated physical conditions epilepsy, hearing or visual impairment, cerebral palsy Psychiatric problems like hyperactivity, aggression, repetitive behavior, self injurious behavior

Causes Genetic- Down’s syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, inborn errors of metabolism, Tuberous sclerosis etc. Antenatal and perinatal causes- exposure to toxins, trauma, infections, birth hypoxia, congenital hypothyroidism Environmental Causes- Malnutrition, CNS trauma, infections, psychosocial adversity

Treatment There is no medicine to improve intellectual levels. Early detection and training is the best treatment Treatment of associated physical and psychiatric problems