Mental and Emotional Health What Is Mental Health

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Mental and Emotional Health

Mental and Emotional Health

What Is Mental Health? n Refers to the successful performance of mental function, resulting

What Is Mental Health? n Refers to the successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people, and the ability to adapt to change and cope with adversity.

Mental Disorder In America n n n n Mood Disorders Schizophrenia Anxiety Disorders Eating

Mental Disorder In America n n n n Mood Disorders Schizophrenia Anxiety Disorders Eating Disorders Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Autism Alzheimer’s Disease

Mood Disorders n Approximately 20. 9 million American adults, or about 9. 5 percent

Mood Disorders n Approximately 20. 9 million American adults, or about 9. 5 percent of the U. S. population age 18 and older in a given year, have a mood disorder. n The median age of onset for mood disorders is 30 years. n Depressive disorders often co-occur with anxiety disorders and substance abuse.

Mood Disorders n Major Depressive Disorders n Dysthymic n Bipolar n Suicide Disorders

Mood Disorders n Major Depressive Disorders n Dysthymic n Bipolar n Suicide Disorders

Major Depressive Disorders: Signs and Symptoms n This is when a person is feeling

Major Depressive Disorders: Signs and Symptoms n This is when a person is feeling down, low, and hopeless for weeks at a time. – Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" mood. – Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism. – Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness. – Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed.

Dysthymic Disorders n Symptoms of dysthymic disorder (chronic, mild depression) must persist for at

Dysthymic Disorders n Symptoms of dysthymic disorder (chronic, mild depression) must persist for at least two years in adults (one year in children). n Dysthymic disorder affects approximately 1. 5 percent of the U. S. population age 18 and older in a given year.

Bipolar Disorders n Bipolar disorder affects approximately 5. 7 million American adults, or about

Bipolar Disorders n Bipolar disorder affects approximately 5. 7 million American adults, or about 2. 6 percent of the U. S. population age 18 and older in a given year. n The median age of onset for bipolar disorders is 25 years. – Also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in a person's mood, energy, and ability to function.

Con’t n Typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood. n Can result in

Con’t n Typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood. n Can result in damaged relationships, poor job or school performance, and even suicide. n Causes dramatic mood swings—from overly "high" and/or irritable to sad and hopeless, and then back again, often with periods of normal mood in between.

What Are the Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder? n Increased energy, activity, and restlessness. n

What Are the Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder? n Increased energy, activity, and restlessness. n Excessively "high, " overly good, euphoric mood. n Extreme irritability. n Racing thoughts and talking very fast, jumping from one idea to another. n Distractibility, can't concentrate well. n Unrealistic beliefs in one's abilities and powers

Con’t n Poor judgment n A lasting period of behavior that is different from

Con’t n Poor judgment n A lasting period of behavior that is different from usual. n Increased sexual drive. n Abuse of drugs, particularly cocaine, alcohol, and sleeping medications. n Provocative, intrusive, or aggressive behavior. n Denial that anything is wrong.

Suicide Facts n In 2004, 32, 439 (approximately 11 per 100, 000) people died

Suicide Facts n In 2004, 32, 439 (approximately 11 per 100, 000) people died by suicide in the U. S. n More than 90 percent of people who kill themselves have a diagnosable mental disorder, most commonly a depressive disorder or a substance abuse disorder. n Four times as many men as women die by suicide. n however, women attempt suicide two to three times as often as men.

Facts Con’t n Highest rates: n Lowest rates: § Non-Hispanic Whites — 12. 9

Facts Con’t n Highest rates: n Lowest rates: § Non-Hispanic Whites — 12. 9 per 100, 000 § American Indian and Alaska Natives — 12. 4 per 100, 000 – Non-Hispanic Blacks — 5. 3 per 100, 000 § Asian and Pacific Islanders — 5. 8 per 100, 000 § Hispanics — 5. 9 per 100, 000 n Most suicide attempts are expressions of extreme distress, not harmless bids for attention. n A person who appears suicidal should not be left alone and needs immediate mental-health treatment.

Schizophrenia n Approximately 2. 4 million American adults, or about 1. 1 percent of

Schizophrenia n Approximately 2. 4 million American adults, or about 1. 1 percent of the population age 18 and older in a given year, have schizophrenia. n Schizophrenia affects men and women with equal frequency. n Schizophrenia often first appears in men in their late teens or early twenties. n In contrast, women are generally affected in their twenties or early thirties.

Con’t n Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder that affects about

Con’t n Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder that affects about 1 percent of people all over the world. n People with schizophrenia sometimes hear voices others don’t hear, believe that others are broadcasting their thoughts to the world, or become convinced that others are plotting to harm them. n They become fearful and withdrawn and cause difficulties when they try to have relationships with others.

What are the symptoms of schizophrenia? n Positive symptoms- are unusual thoughts or perceptions,

What are the symptoms of schizophrenia? n Positive symptoms- are unusual thoughts or perceptions, including hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, and disorders of movement. n Negative symptoms- represent a loss or a decrease in the ability to initiate plans, speak, express emotion, or find pleasure in everyday life. n Cognitive symptoms- (or cognitive deficits) are problems with attention, certain types of memory, and the executive functions that allow us to plan and organize.

Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders include panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety

Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders include panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and phobias. n Approximately 40 million American adults ages 18 and older, or about 18. 1 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have an anxiety disorder. n Anxiety disorders frequently co-occur with depressive disorders or substance abuse. n

Panic Disorder n Approximately 6 million American adults ages 18 and older, or about

Panic Disorder n Approximately 6 million American adults ages 18 and older, or about 2. 7 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have panic disorder. n Panic disorder typically develops in early adulthood (median age of onset is 24), but the age of onset extends throughout adulthood.

What is Panic Disorder? n Sudden attacks of terror, usually accompanied by: § Pounding

What is Panic Disorder? n Sudden attacks of terror, usually accompanied by: § Pounding heart § Sweatiness § Weakness § Faintness § Dizziness n This can be successfully treated.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) n Approximately 2. 2 million American adults age 18 and

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) n Approximately 2. 2 million American adults age 18 and older, or about 1. 0 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have OCD. n The first symptoms of OCD often begin during childhood or adolescence, however, the median age of onset is 19.

What is OCD? n OCD, is an anxiety disorder and is characterized by recurrent,

What is OCD? n OCD, is an anxiety disorder and is characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors (compulsions). n Obsessions- hand washing, counting, checking, or cleaning.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) n Approximately 7. 7 million American adults age 18 and

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) n Approximately 7. 7 million American adults age 18 and older, or about 3. 5 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have PTSD. n PTSD can develop at any age, including childhood, median age of onset is 23 years.

What is PTSD? n An anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a

What is PTSD? n An anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical harm occurred or was threatened. n Violent personal assaults, natural or human-caused disasters, accidents, or military combat may trigger PTSD.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) n Approximately 6. 8 million American adults, or about 3.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) n Approximately 6. 8 million American adults, or about 3. 1 percent of people age 18 and over, have GAD in a given year. n GAD can begin across the life cycle, though the median age of onset is 31 years old

What is GAD? n An anxiety disorder characterized by chronic anxiety, exaggerated worry and

What is GAD? n An anxiety disorder characterized by chronic anxiety, exaggerated worry and tension, even when there is little or nothing to provoke it. n Accompanied by physical symptoms, especially fatigue, headaches, muscle tension, muscle aches, difficulty swallowing, trembling, twitching, irritability, sweating, and hot flashes.

Social Phobia n Approximately 15 million American adults age 18 and over, or about

Social Phobia n Approximately 15 million American adults age 18 and over, or about 6. 8 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have social phobia. n Social phobia begins in childhood or adolescence, typically around 13 years of age.

What is Social Phobia? n An anxiety disorder characterized by overwhelming anxiety and excessive

What is Social Phobia? n An anxiety disorder characterized by overwhelming anxiety and excessive selfconsciousness in everyday social situations. § Fear of speaking in formal or informal situations § May be so broad that a person experiences symptoms almost anytime they are around other people.

Con’t Have a persistent, intense, and chronic fear of being watched and judged by

Con’t Have a persistent, intense, and chronic fear of being watched and judged by others and being embarrassed or humiliated by their own actions. n Their fear may be so severe that it interferes with work or school, and other ordinary activities. n Physical symptoms such as blushing, profuse sweating, trembling, nausea, and difficulty talking. n

Agoraphobia n Approximately 1. 8 million American adults age 18 and over, or about

Agoraphobia n Approximately 1. 8 million American adults age 18 and over, or about 0. 8 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder. n The median age of onset of agoraphobia is 20 years of age.

What is Agoraphobia? n Agoraphobia involves intense fear and anxiety of any place or

What is Agoraphobia? n Agoraphobia involves intense fear and anxiety of any place or situation where escape might be difficult, leading to avoidance of these situations. § being alone outside of the home. § traveling in a car, bus, or airplane. § or being in a crowded area.

Specific Phobia n Approximately 19. 2 million American adults age 18 and over, or

Specific Phobia n Approximately 19. 2 million American adults age 18 and over, or about 8. 7 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have some type of specific phobia. n Specific phobia typically begins in childhood; the median age of onset is seven years.

What is Specific Phobia? n Specific phobia involves marked and persistent fear and avoidance

What is Specific Phobia? n Specific phobia involves marked and persistent fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.

Eating Disorders n Females are much more likely than males to develop an eating

Eating Disorders n Females are much more likely than males to develop an eating disorder. n In their lifetime, an estimated 0. 5 percent to 3. 7 percent of females suffer from anorexia, and an estimated 1. 1 percent to 4. 2 percent suffer from bulimia. n The mortality rate among people with anorexia has been estimated at 0. 56 percent per year, or approximately 5. 6 percent per decade, which is about 12 times higher than the annual death rate due to all causes of death among females ages 15 -24 in the general population.

What are Eating Disorders? n The three main types of eating disorders are anorexia

What are Eating Disorders? n The three main types of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. n Anorexia- People with this disorder see themselves as overweight even though they are dangerously thin. – Bulimia- People with bulimia often perform the behaviors in secrecy, feeling disgusted and ashamed when they binge, yet relieved once they purge.

Con’t – Anorexia- People with this disorder see themselves as overweight even though they

Con’t – Anorexia- People with this disorder see themselves as overweight even though they are dangerously thin. – Bulimia- People with bulimia often perform the behaviors in secrecy, feeling disgusted and ashamed when they binge, yet relieved once they purge. – frequent episodes of out-of-control eating, with the same binge-eating symptoms as those with bulimia

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) n ADHD, one of the most common mental disorders

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) n ADHD, one of the most common mental disorders in children and adolescents, also affects an estimated 4. 1 percent of adults, ages 18 -44, in a given year. n Becomes evident in preschool or early elementary years.

What is ADHD? n have impaired functioning in multiple settings, including home, school, and

What is ADHD? n have impaired functioning in multiple settings, including home, school, and in relationships with peers. – Impulsiveness: Acts without thinking first. – Hyperactivity: Can’t sit still for long periods of time. – Inattention: Day dreams and gets side tracked easily.

Autism n A recent study reported the prevalence of autism in 3 -10 year-olds

Autism n A recent study reported the prevalence of autism in 3 -10 year-olds to be about 3. 4 cases per 1000 children. n Autism and other ASDs develop in childhood and generally are diagnosed by age three. n Autism is about four times more common in boys than girls. n However girls, tend to have more severe symptoms and greater cognitive impairment.

What is Autism? n Cause severe and pervasive impairment in thinking, feeling, language, and

What is Autism? n Cause severe and pervasive impairment in thinking, feeling, language, and the ability to relate to others.

Alzheimer's Disease n Affects an estimated 4. 5 million Americans. n The number of

Alzheimer's Disease n Affects an estimated 4. 5 million Americans. n The number of Americans with AD has more than doubled since 1980. n Most common cause of dementia among people age 65 and older. n In most cases with AD, symptoms first appear after age 65. n Rare forms can come as early as 30’s and 40’s.