Menstrual Cycle Hormonal control Menstrual cycle is the

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Menstrual Cycle Hormonal control • Menstrual cycle is the characteristic of primates. • Females

Menstrual Cycle Hormonal control • Menstrual cycle is the characteristic of primates. • Females of all mammals except primates permit copulation only during definite period in their sexual cycle. • In menstruating mammals such periods in their life cycle do not occurs.

• In menstruating mammals ovulation occurs midway between two menstrual periods. • In

• In menstruating mammals ovulation occurs midway between two menstrual periods. • In human female the cycle usually lasts about 28 days. • Menstruation begins about 15 days after ovulation and lasts about 2 -4 days.

• The beginning of menstrual cycle marks the onset of puberty in human

• The beginning of menstrual cycle marks the onset of puberty in human females. • The cycle begins with the casting off of endometrial lining of the uterus and bleeding. • The casting of endometrium can be considered as periodic preparation for fertilization of the ovum and pregnancy.

• Under the influence of FSH an ovum and its follicle mature and

• Under the influence of FSH an ovum and its follicle mature and the follicle secretes increased amounts of oestrogen which stimulates the regrowth of the endometrium. • The increased oestrogen production triggers the LH production. • At the end of the cycle LH & FSH conc decline.

• The Menstrual cycle involves following phases… • 1. Proliferative phase • 2.

• The Menstrual cycle involves following phases… • 1. Proliferative phase • 2. Ovulatary phase • 3. Secretory phase/ Luteal phase • 4. Destructive phase

PROLIFERATIVE OVULATORY SECRETORY/LUTEAL DESTRUCTIVE • Stage of repair • Influenced by oestrogen secreted by

PROLIFERATIVE OVULATORY SECRETORY/LUTEAL DESTRUCTIVE • Stage of repair • Influenced by oestrogen secreted by follicular cells. • Functional lining of uterus is repaired to receive fertilized ovum. • This phase lasts up to ovulation. • It involves 10 days. • No considerable change occurs in uterine endometrium. • It occurs midway between two menstrual periods. • During this period ovulation takes place. • Body temp rises and remain high until the onset of next menstrual period. • This phase is under the control of progesterone and oestrogen secreted by corpus luteum. • This phase prepared the endometrium for pregnancy and implantation. • Marked by hypertrophy of uterine endometrium. • Endometrial glands become tortuous. • Sub-mucosal layer becomes very vascular and edematous. • Glandular secretion is increased. • Stage of menstrual flow and lasts about 4 days. • Uterine endometrial lining is sloughed off and bleeding takes place due to rupture of blood vessels. • This happens when fertilization is not accompanied. • When pregnancy does not retain the Corpus Luteum is replaced by Corpus albicans.

HORMONAL CONTROL OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE

HORMONAL CONTROL OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE

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