Memory The persistence of learning over time through

Memory The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.

Take out a piece of paper…. . • Name the seven dwarves…. . Now name them…. .

Was it easy or hard? • It depends on several things…. • If you like Disney movies? • When was the last time you have seen the movie? • Are people around you being loud pain in the butts so you cannot concentrate?

Recall Versus Recognition Recall • you must retrieve the information from your memory • fill-in-the blank or essay tests Recognition • you must identify the target from possible targets • multiple-choice tests

The Memory Process Three step process…. 1. Encoding: The processing of information into the memory system. 2. Storage: The retention of encoded material over time. 3. Retrieval: The process of getting the information out of memory storage.

Three Box Model of Memory

MEMORY: The input, storage, and retrieval of what has been learned or experienced

Sensory Memory works as a filter. It allows us time to determine what to pay attention to.

SPOT THE REAL PENNY

Iconic Memory Iconic memory involves the memory of visual stimuli. It is how the brain remembers an image you have seen. For example, look at an object in the room you are in now, and then close your eyes and visualize that object. The image you "see" in your mind is your iconic memory of that visual stimuli.

Echoic Memory • Echoic memory is when a person is asked to remember a series of numbers someone else was reciting immediately after the sequence was stopped. • If the person responds immediately, then the chances of he/she remembering all the numbers is high. • Normally stored for slightly longer periods of time than iconic memories.

Sensory Memory • A split second holding tank for ALL sensory information. • Sperling’s research on Iconic Memory • Echoic Memory

MAINTENANCE vs. ELABORATIVE REHEARSAL Even though you live in the United States and probably see hundreds of pennies a week, it is difficult to identify the real one from fake ones. Mere repetition, such as seeing something over and over again does not guarantee a strong memory. Maintenance Rehearsal = repetition Elaborative Rehearsal = linking new information to material that is already known Improves your chances of remembering it!!!!

Short-Term Memory

Short Term Memory • The stuff we encode from the sensory goes to STM. • Events are encoded visually, acoustically or semantically. • Holds about 7 (plus or minus 2) items for about 20 seconds. • We recall digits better than letters. Short Term Memory Activity

Ways to remember things in STM…so they go to LTM • Chunking: Organizing items into familiar, manageable units. • Mnemonic devices • Rehearsal "Mary Very Easily Makes Jam Saturday Unless No Plums. " 1 -4 -9 -2 -1 -7 -7 -6 -1 -8 -1 -2 -1 -9 -4 -1

Please take a moment to test your short-term memory. On the next slide you will find a list of 15 letters. Your task: Remember them all.

T WAN BAC BSC PRC IA

How did you do? Try it again.

TWA NBA CBS CPR CIA

Short-Term or Working Memory. Use it or lose it!!!!! Working with information…. . Chunking = Grouping items to make them easier to remember

Please recall the items in the next picture.

Draw the picture!

Did that make it easier to draw?

Short-Term or Working Memory. Use it or lose it!!!!! Working with information…. . Mnemonic Devices = Techniques for using associations to memorize and retrieve information Can you think of any other Mnemonic Devices you know?

I will give you a list of four arithmetic tasks aloud. They are VERY simple. When I finish reading the first one… shout the answer. Please do the same for the last three. Here we go… What was the second digit mentioned in each arithmetic task? Why are you having a hard time remembering it? ?