Diploid containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent Haploid having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
How many chromosomes do each of our cells have?
Chromosome nucleic acids and protein; in the nucleus of cells; carries genetic information Gene physical and functional unit of heredity; sections on chromosomes; instructions to the cell Homologous same relation, relative position, or structure; features and pattern of genes
Gamete sex cells Fertilization joining of 2 gamete cells to produce an offspring different than both parents
Genetic Variation
Crossing Over: Pop Beads!
Sexual Reproduction provides variation; allows organisms more flexibility to adapt to environmental change; more complicated process; slower and riskier
Asexual Reproduction allows for faster reproduction; creates more offspring; does not allow for variation; less flexible when the environment changes
Starfish
Bacteria
A s e x u a l Propagation R e p r o d u c t i o n
Mutation occur during cellular accidents during processes like replication, recombination or transposition may also occur from exposure to foreign mutagens
What is a mutagen? a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material of an organism; increases the frequency of mutations above the natural level